Thinking And Problem Solving (Studies)

Question 1

Cryptarithmatic

Answer 1

Newell and Simon (1972)

Question 2

Tumor problem given by-

Answer 2

Dunker (1945, p.1)

Question 3

Reasoning by analogy, soldier + fire story

Answer 3

Gick and Holyoak (1980)

Question 4

Water jar problem experiment with university students

Answer 4

Luchins 1942

Question 5

Man at home problem

Answer 5

Perkins 1981

Question 6

Examined thinking process of chess masters and weaker players

Answer 6

de Groot 1965

Question 7

Replication study of de Groot 1965. more expertise a chess player has, more information is extracted from the chessboards even after brief exposure

Answer 7

Chaee and Simon 1973

Question 8

Examined the sophistication of play of Gary Kasparov

Answer 8

Gobet and Simon 1996

Question 9

Compared the performance of 5 expert radiologists with that of first, second, third and fourth year medical residents as they diagnosed X-ray pictures

Answer 9

Lesgold et al 1988

Question 10

Reviewed studies with expert novice differences and described several qualitative distinctions between the two groups

Answer 10

Glaser and Chi 1988

Question 11

Patient P.F. [lesion to the right prefrontal cortex]

Answer 11

Goel and Grafman 2000

Question 12

Problem space hypothesis
Asked participants to imagine they worked in a laboratory

Answer 12

Burns and Vollmayer 2002

Question 13

Incubation effect
Picture word puzzles called rebuses

Answer 13

Smith and Blackenship 1989

Question 14

Presented several examples that illustrated critical thinking

Answer 14

Max Wertheimer 1945

Question 15

Critical thinking
Law requiring 5 cents deposit on bottles and cans

Answer 15

Perkins, Allen and Hafner 1983

Question 16

Two string problem

Answer 16

Maier 1930, 1931