Thinking and Decision Making

Question 1

what is system 1 thinking?

Answer 1

quick, easy, no effort, intuitive thinking

Question 2

what situations is system 1 used in?

Answer 2

instinctive responses, survival mechanisms, invaluable when you have to act quickly

Question 3

what is system 2 thinking?

Answer 3

slow, laborious, effortful, considered thinking

Question 4

what situations is system 2 used in?

Answer 4

enable you to make considered decisions, to use your judgement carefully, not to act rashly

Question 5

what is the dual process model?

Answer 5

there are two ways of thinking; system 1 and system 2

Question 6

who proposed the dual process model?

Answer 6

Kahneman

Question 7

Study dual process model supports?

Answer 7

Alter et al (2007)

Question 8

aim

Answer 8

to investigate the effect of cognitive disfluency on the use of rational thinking (system 2) over intuitive thinking (system 1)

Question 9

sample

Answer 9

40 undergraduate volunteers from Princeton

Question 10

procedure

Answer 10

• participants complete the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) questionnaire individually and were randomly assigned to experimental conditions
• the researchers then checked how many questions participants answered correctly

Question 11

conditions

Answer 11

1) fluent condition (easy to read)

2) disfluent condition (difficult to read)

Question 12

results

Answer 12

participants answered more questions correctly in the disfluent font

Question 13

conclusion

Answer 13

the disfluent font caused participants to use ration thinking (system 2) in solving the problem

Question 14

strengths

Answer 14

1) standardised procedure

2) acts as evidence that disfluency initiates systematic processing

Question 15

limitations

Answer 15

1) limited generalisability

2) disfluency caused participants to read slower which caused system 2 thinking