Thinkers and Doers: Class 1 Flashcards
What defines an ethical character?
- Reasons to a good end
- Sacrifice of self-interest and privilege for the less advantaged
- Understand that rewards are sometimes associated to luck
- Engage good-identifying techniques
- Encourage education that teaches difference between receiving advantages and being good
- Encouraging a virtuous society
What do ethical people actively do in their day 2 day?
- sacrifice self-interest/unfair advantage
- engage in habitual behaviour that creates long-term good for others
- recognize difference in possible outcomes (think it through)
- foster environments where good characters can be created
Philosophically, what was considered “good” in early understanding? who said this?
Pleasure, self-satisfaction - hedonism
Epicurus + Aristotle
How was early understandings of “good” challenged? who did this?
Challenged hedonism’s overly self-centred stance
Proposed ethical hedonism (psych hedonism)
People avoid pain and gravitate towards pleasure
What are Kantian ethics concerned with?
Search for unifying axiom - motives = universal, discover-able for you/others
Golden rule: “Act towards others as you would have them act towards you”
What are some qualities of human rights? what are some examples of human rights doctrines?
Universality and indivisibility
Universal declaration of human rights
Universal declaration of the rights of a child
Who is Octavia Hill?
1838 - 1912 English reformer/social worker Refurbished tenements Rent collectors (home visitors) Anti-governmental welfare Green space advocate
Who is Jane Addams?
1860 - 1935
Hull house settlement (w Ellen Starr)
“To teach by example, to practice cooperation, egalitarian or democratic social relations across class lines”
Nobel peace prize winner (1931)
Co-founder American civil liberties union co-founder
Who is Charlotte Whitton?
1896 - 1975
Director of the Canadian council of child welfare
Social conservative
Advocated for women’s equality
Scientifically-grounded responses to child and youth
Anti-immigrant (eugenicist)
Who is JJ Kelso?
Toronto humane society (children and animals)
Founded children’s aid societies (superintendent of neglected children)
What is poor law? how is it still impacting us today?
1601 - Elizabethan poor law reflected understanding that a systematic approach was needed in treatment of social malady of poverty - decided 2 criminalize begging = criminalizing destitution
View that poverty is a crime permeates current system
What are the two subjective categories of poor people?
- able-bodied unemployed - undeserving of charity because unemployment is due to laziness
- Disabled poor - deserving because they are unable to work through no fault of their own
How were workhouses designed?
To be disgusting - meant to be more unattractive than the most unattractive form of regular work
- dehumanizing regulations, work is terrible, families are separated
What is the less eligibility principle?
Makes workhouses a successful deterrent to reliance on the state
- had to be worse than the worst job
- holds that relief must be worse than the most onerous work
What are Felix Biestek’s seven principles?
Individualization Purposeful expression of feelings Controlled emotional involvement Acceptance Nonjudgmental attitude Client self-determination Confidentiality
