Things Vocab 2

Question 1

Social Darwinism

Answer 1

The idea that the best run businesses will survive and prosper

Question 2

Laissez-Faire

Answer 2

The idea that the free market will regulate itself without government interference

Question 3

Prohibition

Answer 3

a ban on the production and sale of alcoholic beverages

Question 4

Referendum

Answer 4

a lawmaking reform that allows a law passed by a state legislature to be placed on the ballot for approval or rejection by the voters

Question 5

New Freedom

Answer 5

President Woodrow Wilson’s reform program that focused on transferring power from the trusts to small businesses and average citizens, restricting corporate influence, and reducing corruption in the federal government

Question 6

Federal reserve system

Answer 6

the central banking authority of the United States, which manages the nation’s money supply

Question 7

Pendleton Act

Answer 7

an 1883 federal law that limited patronage by creating a civil service commission to administer exams for certain nonmilitary government jobs

Question 8

Direct Primary

Answer 8

An election in which voters choose candidates to run on a party’s ticket in a subsequent election for public office

Question 9

Recall

Answer 9

the process by which voters can remove an elected official before his or her term expires

Question 10

Muckrakers

Answer 10

a journalist who wrote about social, environmental, and political problems Americans faced in the early 1900s

Question 11

Square deal

Answer 11

President Theodore Roosevelt’s reform program, focused on regulating big business, protecting workers and consumers, and preserving the environment

Question 12

Extractive industry

Answer 12

businesses that take mineral resources from the earth

Question 13

Disenfranchised

Answer 13

to deny voting rights

Question 14

Lynching

Answer 14

to kill someone without approval by law, often by hanging and by a mob of people

Question 15

Temperance movement

Answer 15

a reform movement calling for moderation in drinking alcohol

Question 16

Investors

Answer 16

allocates capital with the expectation of a future financial return.

Question 17

Socialism

Answer 17

a political theory that advocates ownership of the means of production, such as factories and farms, by the people rather than by capitalists and landowners

Question 18

Patent

Answer 18

a government authority or license conferring a right or title for a set period, especially the sole right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention.

Question 19

Progressive reforms

Answer 19

In the early 1900s, progressives worked to reform American society. Inspired by reform movements like populism and the Social Gospel, progressives tackled a variety of problems. They tried to improve living and working conditions in cities, clean up state and local government, and advance the rights of women and minorities.