Things to work on Flashcards
Explain ACMA
(ACMA)
-Government body responsible for regulating
broadcasting and online content in Australia.
-Responsibilty - promoting industry self-regulation and managing the television and radio spectrums.
- Developed codes of practice for television and radio in conjunction with the industry bodies ‘ Free TV Australia and Commercial Radio Australia’ . These codes govern the content of television and radio in Australia.
- Also helps to regulate the ownership of commercial media organisations in Australia, maintaining a register of media ownership and control. For example 55% quota
Explain The Advertising Standards Bureau
- Industry body, oversees a national system of advertising self-regulation. A free service to handle consumer complaints about advertising.
- Issues of self regualtion might include the use of language, concern for children, portrayals of violence, sex, sexuality and nudity. Has a number of codes which govern the content of advertisements.
The Australian Association of National Advertisers (AANA) Code of Practice aims to ensure that advertisements are legal, decent, honest and truthful and that they have been prepared with a sense of obligation to the consumer and society and fair sense of responsibility to competitors.
Explain the Classification Board
A Classification Board make decisions about the classification of films, video games and publications which are available for sale and hire in Australia.
Classification should also protect adults from unsolicited material likely to offend and take into account community
concerns about the depiction of violence. In Australia, there are a number of classification categories, including: G, PG, M15+, MA15+, R and X.
If a film, computer game or
publication is deemed inappropriate by the Classification Board, it is refused classification and prohibited from sale
or hire in Australia.
Postivies of Classification Board
Has every film and game checked before being released to the public
Media is not involed therefor decisions are not biased.
The board is made up of regular Aus citizens
Key challenges and negatives of the Classification Board
There are 20 members in the board, all with the same casuscain ethnicity, which is not representative of the whole of the australia. To solve this more ethnicy should be implemented.
It is also difficult to police online
system of regulation better suited for the broadcast era
Geoblocking
Geoblocking is a technique to limit the access of particular internet content according to geographic regions.
Purpose of Geoblocking
Limits the distribution of web-based media to geographic regions, such as certain nations
This typically occurs because of the regional ownership agreements. What may be available in the US on Netflix and Youtube may not be available to be accessed by people in Aus.
For example: ‘Friends’ is avaliable of the U.s version of Netflix but not on Aus netflix. This is because Foxtel and Channel 9 own the distribution rights of ‘Friends’ in Aus
Define Active audiences
An active audience member is one who makes meaning from the information that is presented to them. This type of audience is able to create their own interpretation and thus further expound upon their own personal or social ideas.
Define Passive Audiences
A passive audience member is more easily influenced through the dissemination of ideas. A passive member of audience will not challenge ideas but will merely absorb like a sponge.
Define Agency and Control
The notion of agency is the capacity to act and exert power over media messages/products by making free choices. Governments for example have agencies in that they can classify, regulate media.
Control is whether the media has the power to influence audiences. In this modern world of media, it is not so easy to determine any more however governments like china has complete control over media.
Hypodermic needle
- Linear communication theory from the 1920’s- 40’s
- Suggests media has a direct and powerful influence on audiences.
- Audiences are presented to be passive and homogenous and the theory does not account for individual differences.
-Often supported by early moral panics, including the Orson Welles War of the Worlds broadcast in 1938 where some to believed that the world was being invaded by martians.
Identify the strengths and weaknesses of the Bullet Theory
Strengths
-There is a strong public support that addresses ‘community concerns’
Weaknesses
-Although many people still talk about the media in this way, this theory is disregarded as an outdated way of thinking about media influence. Audiences are more active than this theory suggests. The theory however
Explain Agenda Setting Theory
- Maxwell McCombs, Donald Shaw 1972,
- Suggests media can’t tell you what to think but it can tell you what to think about.
- Through a process of selection, omission and framing, the media focuses public discussion on particular issues.
- Audiences are active but, when it comes to making important decisions, they draw on information that is particularly important at the time.
911. Government making that america is patriotic to fight terroism.
Uses and Gratification theory
What audience want (Audience Theory) Movie resites
Contemporary Distribution
Sharing, streaming, reproduce
