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things to remember Flashcards

1
Q

HIV

A

oncovirus NOT oncogenic

only virus with diploid

enveloped

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2
Q

inital manifestation of acute early HIV looks like

A

mononucleosis like syndrome

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3
Q

HIV is responsible for resurrgence of

A

M . Tuberculosis

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4
Q

HIV not associated with

A

adenovirus [conjunctivitis = pink eye]

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5
Q

HIV associated protozoa

A

cryptosporidium enterocolitis

[another protozoa is toxoplasmosis, but less associated with HIV]

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6
Q

intracellular parasite

treated with sulfadiazine [antibiotic]

A

toxoplasmosis

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7
Q

even some super killers have pretty nice capsules

A

e coli

salmonella

s. pneumonia
k. pneumonia

H. influenza

P. aeruginosa

N. meningitis

C. neoforman = crytoccocus neoforman

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8
Q

airbone fungus

cause opportunistic infections

A

aspergillus

cryptococcus menigitis

rhizopus

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9
Q

2x as more common in males

most commonly affects B cells

lymphadenopathy [disease affecting lymph nodes]

non contagious

heterozygous histology

A

non hodgkins lymphoma

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10
Q

1st indication of swollen lymph nodes

A

non hodgkins lymphoma

  • lymphadenopathy [painless]
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11
Q

burkitt’s lymphoma is a type of non hodgkin’s lymphoma

TF

A

true

high grade b cell lymphoma [lymph gland tumor]

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12
Q

1st human cancer strongly associated with virus

A

burkitts lymphoma

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13
Q

Reedstern berg cells

bimodal = homozygous histo

anorexia, weight loss, low grade fever, night sweats

contagious

extranodular rare

A

hodgkins lymphoma

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14
Q

american form of burkitt’s lymphoma

A

americans are fat = abdominal mass

cleaner than africa = not likely EBV, jaw tumors rare

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15
Q

starry sky appearance of high grade B cell in histo

endemic form in africa and jaw tumors

A

burkitt’s lymphoma

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16
Q

increased bleeding time in pt with leukemia due to

A

thrombocytopenia [decreased number of blood platelet]

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17
Q

pt undergoing chemotherapy for leukemia will see more oral infections from c. albicans

A

oral candidiasis

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18
Q

hyperthyroidism = thyrotoxicosis

A

exopthalamous

tachycardia

fine tremor, fine hair

heat intolerance, warm moist skin

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19
Q

diffuse goiter [enlargement of thyroid gland]

seen in

A

grave’s disease

  • hyperthroidism with TSH receptor antiboides
  • TS Ig Ab binding to TSH receptor –> produce excess thyroxin
  • weight loss, diarrhea,
  • insomnia, irritability
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20
Q

pretibial myedema

butterfly shaped gland

what disease?

A

grave’s disease

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21
Q

simple NO to the plummer

A

Plummer’s Disease

simple nodular goiter

toxic nodular goiter

NEVER SEEN IN CHILDREN

risk factor = female 60+ yo

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22
Q

same symptoms as grave’s disease but no exopthalamus

A

plummer’s disease

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23
Q

congenital hypothyroidism most likely causes

A

delayed eruption of teeth

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24
Q

most common cause of hypothyroidism

A

hashimoto’s disease

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25
hypothyroidism
WEIGHT GAIN: - increase blood cholesterol - positive nitrogen balance DECREASE: - plasma bound iodine - iodine uptake by thyroid
26
increase o2 consumption if under heavy metabolism hypo or hyper thyrodism
hyperthyroidism
27
extreme hypothyrodism in adults =
myxedema
28
autoimmune reaction against the thyroid gland [thyroiditis]
hashimoto's disease most common cause of hypothyroidism
29
severe hypothyroidism in children leads to
cretinism
30
severe hypothyroidism in children with crenitism will cause M D D D D
mental retardation underdeveloped of mandible overdeveloped maxilla delayed growth delayed eruption deciduous teeth retained
31
maxillary teeth derives from
BA 1 and globular process
32
which is not derived from BA 1
intermaxillary arch
33
1 BA divides in ____ weeks embryonic development to form Mn and Max processes
4 weeks
34
Man is mostly formed form \_\_\_\_ Max is mostly formed form \_\_\_\_
mand = intramembranous ossification of meckel's cartilage max = intramembranous ossification
35
Man everything forms except for \_\_\_\_
condyles = endrochondral
36
BA 1 max processes formed:
maxillary upper lip zygomatic bone squamous part of the temporal bone
37
lateral palatine process of maxillary processes forms\_\_\_\_\_
2ndary palate : hard and soft palate
38
medial palatine process of maxillary process forms \_\_\_\_
palatine shelves
39
medial nasal processes forms \_\_\_\_
primary palate [anterior to incisive foramen]
40
lateral cleft lip is failure of fushion \_\_\_\_ affects mostly \_\_\_\_
failure of fushion = medial nasal process and maxillla asians \*\*\* correct fushion of max process and medial nasal process = philtrum
41
cornerns of the mouth is formed by
fushion of mand and maxillary processes
42
failure of complete fushion of palatine shelfs
bifid uvula
43
anterior 2/3 of tongue \_\_\_ = median tongue bud \_\_\_\_ = distal tongue bud on each side of median tongue bud
tuberculum impar lateral lingual swellings
44
which BA does the median tongue bud from the tuberculum impar develope from
BA 1
45
lateral lingual swellings elevations of proliferation of mesenchyme of ___ arch swellings form ____ part of the tongue + mucosa waht type of mucosa
1st arch anterior 2/3 and ectoderm mucosa
46
posterior 1/3 tongue \_\_\_\_\_ from 2nd arch \_\_\_\_\_ from 3rd arch type of mucosa
copula = 2nd arch hypobronchial emeninece = 3rd arch endoderm mucosa
47
macula DOES NOT FORM THE TONGUE waht does it form
macula = eye
48
junction of the body and root of the tongue =
foramen cecum
49
foramen cecum lies ___ of the sulcus terminalis
base of V of sulcus terminalis
50
sulculs terminalis is
V shaped demarcation taht separates anterior 2/3 of tongue and posterior 1/3
51
where is the circumvalliate papilla to the foramen cecum and sulcus terminalis
in front of the foramen cecum and sulcus terminalis
52
taste innervation ant 2/3 = \_\_\_\_ pos 1/3 = \_\_\_ all from ____ nucleus
ant 2/3 = CN 7 pos 1/3 = CN 9 all from solitary nucleus
53
bifid tongue from
failure of fushion from distal tongue buds aka laterl lingual swellings
54
\_\_\_\_\_\_ arches play a role in tongue development
1st 2nd 3rd BA
55
BA 1 cartilage M M M M M V3 --\> 8 muscles forms _____ and a large part of the \_\_\_\_
malleus --\> malleus and incus meckel's cartilage --\> scaffold for Mn [mainly intramembranous ossifcation of meckel's = Mn] mandible mylohyoid muscles of masstication V3 innervation
56
BA 2 cartilage S S S S 7 hyoid bone Reichert's cartilage
stapes styloid process of temporal bone stylohyoid ligament and muscle hyoid bone smiling = muscles of facial expression CN 7
57
BA 3 cartilage
stylopharngenous muscle CN 9 hyoid bone
58
BA 4 and 6 laryngeal cartilages except \_\_\_\_ pharyngeal and layngreal muscles CN 11 via 10
spinal part of CN 11 : SCM and trapezius cranial part of CN 11 via 10: - pharyngeal muscles via vagus - laryngeal muscles via recurrent laryngeal nerve laryngeal cartilages except epiglottis
59
BA 5 ? pharyngeal pouch 5th ?
5th BA = short lived, NOT DEVELOPED 5th pharyngeal pouch = becomes the 4th
60
pharyngeal pouches = pharyngeal _______ lining
pharyngeal endoderm
61
\_\_\_\_ is not a derivative of phayrngeal pouch
parotid gland
62
DiGeorge syndrome is messed up development of \_\_\_ and ____ pharygneal pouches. results in ____ and \_\_\_\_\_\_
3rd and 4th pharygneal pouches T cell deficiency and hypocalcemia
63
Pharyngeal pouches 1 2 3 4
1 = auditory tube, middle ear cavity, inner layer Tympanic mem, mastoid air cells = antrum
64
pharyngeal pouches 1 2 3 4
1 = auditory tube, middle ear, mastoid antrum, inner tympanic mem 2 = palatine tonsils, lymph nodules, middle ear
65
phargyngeal pouches 1 2 3 4
1 = auditory tube, middle ear, mastoid air cells, inner tympanic mem 2 = palatine tonsils, middle ear, lymph nodules 3 = inferior parathyroid gland, thymus = Hassall's corpuscle
66
pharyngeal pouches 1 2 3 4
1 = auditory tube, mastoid air cells, middle ear, inner tympanic mem 2 = palatine tonsils, middle ear, lymph nodules 3 = inferior parathyroid gland, Hassall's corpuscles 4 = UU CC s**u**perior parathyroid gland, **u**ltimobrochinal body --\> parafollicular cells [**C** cells] --\> **c**alcitonin in thyroid
67
pharyngeal pouches 1 2 3 4
1 = auditory tube, middle ear, mastoid air cells, inner tympanic mem 2 = palatine tonsils, middle ear, lymph nodules 3 = inferior parathyroid gland, thymus = Hassall's corpuscle 4 = UU CC superior parathyroid gland, ultimobronchial body --\> parafollicular cells [c cells] --\> make calcitonin in thyroid
68
soft, non cancerous growth from tertiary syphillis a type of granuloma
gumma necrosis
69
gumma necrosis most commonly affects \_\_\_\_ can result in _____ and \_\_\_\_\_
most commonly LIVER neurological disorder heart valve problems
70
black and dead tissue blood loss --\> dead lower limb
gangrenous necrosis
71
dry vs. wet gangrenous
dry = initially blood loss from coagulative necrosis wet = bac infection, liquefactive necrosis
72
thickened and pinkish vessal walls antigen, ABs, + fibrin = immune rxn in vessels
fibrinoid necrosis
73
pancreatitis fat cells split saponification = chalky white area with free FAs with Ca2+
fat necrosis
74
white soft cheesy look in TB, leprosy, and something granuloma = debri and fragmented cells surrounded by macrophages and lymphocytes
caseous necrosis
75
infections brain infarcts creamy yellow pus, liquidy lots of neutrophils
liquefactive necrosis
76
infarcts in any tissue EXCEPT BRAIN blood loss firm tissue cell outline preserved [looks ghostly] everything looks red
coagulative necrosis
77
epithelium in maxillary sinus implant epithelium of bone respirtory tract
PCC epi pseudostratisfied columnar ciliated epithelium
78
coxsackievirus A causes _____ and ____ disease
herpangina hand foot mouth disease
79
location herpangina vs hand foot mouth disease
Herpangina: 1) **ulcers/ vesicles** in the **oropharynx**: throat, phaynx, tongue, oral lesions, palate 2) usually children and SUMMER 3) associated lots of times with fever Hand-foot-mouth: buccal mucosa and gingiva
80
most commonly isolated virus in feces: hep c influenza herpes simplex rubella coxsackievirus
coxsackievirus
81
3-yr-old w/ fever, vesicles / ulcers on soft palate, pharynx
herpangina from coxsakievirus A
82
Fever over 100, erythematous oropharyngeal ulcers
herpangina
83
chronic cough blood tinged sputum fever, night sweats, weight loss
TB [seen fever, night sweats, and weight loss in hodgkins lymphoma]
84
highest lipid content in the cell wall - e coli - S aureus - Myco tuberculosis
Myco tuberculosis ## Footnote - due to the mycolic acids [rigidity of cell wall, protect against hydrophobic ABs = isoniazide --\> inhibits mycolic acid biosynthesis - mycolic acid = lots of lipid waxy wall so stains RED in ACID FAST STAINING - usually G+ bac is blue BUT THIS IS RED
85
PPD skin test is \_\_\_\_ Type IV hypersensitivity is due to \_\_\_\_
- PPD = purified protein derivative of M. Tb - delayed Type IV hypersensitivity = hypersentivity to tuberculoproteins = Myco Tb DUE TO NECROSIS
86
Causes fibrocasseous cavitary lesion in upper lobes
2ndary TB from M. TB
87
Granulomas w/ multinucleate giant cells and caseation necrosis characterize lymph node involvement \_\_\_\_\_\_
w/ M. tuberculosis in the lateral neck
88
Tuberculosis is produced by an agent that ___ produce exotoxin or endotoxin
DOES NOT produce exotoxin or endotoxin
89
Cannot grow in vitro on any culture medium
syphyllis and Myco leprae = leprosy = Hansen's bacillus
90
waht type of agar to grow M. Tb
Lowenstein-Jensen agar
91
Pasteurization of milk targets what microbes?
Myco Tb and coxiella burnetti
92
Type IV hypersensitivity is \_\_\_
sensitized lymphocytes lymphocytes and macrophages granulomas = sarcoidosis, crohns disease, TB, leprosy, CONTACT DERMATITS, fungus, GRAFT REJECTION
93
Acute pyogenic bone infection
osteomyelitis by S. arueus
94
mand movements of digastric muscles primarily involved with
depression and RETRACTION
95
MTM LgD mother theresa met lord g Disick
masster temporalis medial pterygoid lateral pterygoid geniohyoid digastrics
96
innervation of V3 to MTM LgD
masseter temporalis medial pterygoid lateral pterygoid ANTERIOR BELLy of diagastric [posterior belly is by CN 7]
97
C1 via hypoglossal nerve [CN 12]
geniohyoid
98
elevate the mandible MTM LgD
masseter temporalis medial pterygoid
99
main muscles that depress = open DO = open
suprahyoid muscles = GIM, digastrics, lateral pterygoid genio hyoid , mylohyoid, infrahyoid
100
lateral pterygoid and diagastrics
depression and protrude the mandible
101
origin and insertion of M T M L G D
Masster = maxillary process of zygomatic bone I = lateral ramus of mand Temporalis = O = temporal fossa of parietal bone I = coronoid process Medial pterygoid = O = lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone I = medial ramus of mand Lateral pterygoid = O = lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone I = neck of mandible Geniohyoid = hyoid bone mand Digastric = mand hyoid bone
102
3 things geniohyoid and digastric have in common
hyoid bone mand mand hyoid bone both depresses mand RAISES THE HYOID BONE
103
posterior belly of digastric innervation
CN 7
104
which muscle protrudes the mand
posterior fibers of temporalis ant and superior fibers = elevate elevate = close = easy
105
muscle insertion into pterygoid hamulus
tensor veli palatini
106
what makes up the sling of mandible
M and M masseter medial pterygoid
107
origin and insertion of temporomandibular ligament
O = articular eminence / posterior zygomatic arch I = neck of condyle [also insertion of neck of condyle = lateral pterygoid muscle]
108
Origin and insertion temporomandibular ligament pterygomandibular raphe sphenomandibular ligament
-TML: articular eminence/ posterior arch of zygomatic --\> neck of mandible - [aslo neck of the mandible is lateral pterygoid muscle] - TML during yawning keeps the condyle in the fossa, so prevents retracting
109
Origin and insertion temporomandibular ligament pterygomandibular raphe sphenomandibular ligament
pterygomandibular raphe = buccinator and superior pharyngeal constrictor O = hamulus of pterygoid plate [also tensor veli palatini] I = mylohyoid line
110
Origin and insertion temporomandibular ligament pterygomandibular raphe sphenomandibular ligament
sphenomandibular ligament O = spine of sphenoid I = lingula of mandible [PREVENTS EXCESSIVE OPENING OF MANDIBLE]
111
ligament that restricts protrusive movment
stylomandibular ligament [DIFFER FROM SPHENOmandibular ligament
112
TMJ is loading and synovial joint? TMJ inferior part = \_\_\_\_\_\_ TMJ superior and anterior part = \_\_\_\_\_
true loading and synovial inferior = rotation superior and anterior part = translation, 25 mm?
113

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