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Data Management > Things To Remember > Flashcards

Things To Remember Flashcards

0
Q

Broken line graph

A

Time dependent numerical data

Indicating trends

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1
Q

Bar graph

A

Discrete data
Bars equally set apart
Typically nominal categories

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2
Q

Circle graph

A

Displays data as percentage

Only discrete data

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3
Q

Stem and leaf plot

A

For large series of numbers
Show specific numbers writhing groups
See which is the biggest category

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4
Q

Box and whiskers plot

A

Indicates spread of data
Shows medians
Shows interquartile range

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5
Q

Histogram

A

Frequency diagram
Continuous data
No separation between bars
Equal intervals of measurement

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6
Q

Relative frequency

A

Shows frequency of a data group as a fraction or percent of the whole data set. All relative frequencies together should add up to 100

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7
Q

Coefficient of correlation

A

r
A number from -1 to +1 that gives the relative strength and direction of the relationship between two variables.
It is the average of the z scores of the 2 variables

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8
Q

Coefficient of determination

A

r squared
A number between 0 and 1 that gives the relative strength between two variables. It tells you what percent of the variation of the dependent variable is due to the variation in the independent variable.

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9
Q

Regression

A

A process of fitting a line or curve to a set of data

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10
Q

Residual

A

R

The vertical distance between a data point and a line of best fit.

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11
Q

Cross-sectional study

A

A study which samples different groups of a population at the same time

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12
Q

Longitudinal study

A

A study that looks at the same individuals over time

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13
Q

Information question

A

Circle the correct response

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14
Q

Checklist question

A

Check all of the following that apply

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15
Q

Ranking questions

A

Rank the following in order of importance

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16
Q

Rating questions

A

How would you rate on a scale of….

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17
Q

How do you avoid bias in survey questions?

A 
Simple, relevant, specific, readable
Avoid jargon and abbreviations
Doesn't lead respondents
Not open to interpretation 
Brief as possible
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18
Q

Simple random sampling

A

All selections equally likely

Ex. Pulling names out of a hat

19
Q

Systematic random sampling

A

Sample a fixed percent of population using some random starting point and select every nth individual
N=population/sample size

20
Q

Stratified random sampling

A

Population is divided into groups called strata. A simple random sample is taken of each of these with the size of the sample determined by the size of the strata

21
Q

Cluster random sampling

A

Population is ordered in terms of groups. Groups randomly chosen for sampling and then all members of the chosen groups are surveyed.

22
Q

Multi-stage random sampling

A

Groups randomly chosen from a population and the individuals in these groups are then randomly chosen to be surveyed.

23
Q

What are the 4 types of bias?

A

Sampling bias
Non-response bias
Household bias
Response bias

24
Q

Sampling bias

A

Chosen sample does not accurately represent the population

25
Q

Non-response bias

A

Likely only a few people who actually received questionnaire would return it

26
Q

Household bias

A

Over representation of a particular group

27
Q

Response bias

A

Factors in the sampling method that influence the result

28
Q

Symmetrical distribution

A

Mode=median=mean

29
Q

Bimodal distribution

A

Two modes

30
Q

Left skewed distribution

A

(Tail is on the left)

Mode>median>mean

31
Q

Right skewed distribution

A

(Tail is on the right)

mode<mean

32
Q

Uniform distribution

A

Looks like a straight line

33
Q

Bin width

A

Histogram interval size

Range data/number of bins

34
Q

Deviation

A

The distance of a data point from the mean

35
Q

Spread

A

How widely data is dispersed

Less spread= greater confidence that values will fall within a particular range

36
Q

Range

A

Difference between the largest and the smallest value

37
Q

Quartile

A

One of three numerical values that divide a group of numbers into 4 equal parts

38
Q

Interquartile range

A

Range between 1st and 3rd quartiles

39
Q

Deviation

A

Mean-x

40
Q

Variance

A

Measure of spread found by averaging the squares of the deviation calculated for each piece of data

41
Q

Standard deviation

A

Square root of variance

Useful measure of spread

42
Q

What percentage of data will be within 1 standard deviation of the mean?

(In a normal distribution)

A

68%

43
Q

What percentage of day will be within 2 standard deviations if the mean?

(In a normal distribution)

A

95%

44
Q

What percentage of data will be within 3 standard deviations of the mean?

(In a normal distribution)

A

99.7%

45
Q

Z-score

A

The number of standard deviations the piece of data is below or above the mean.

Can be used to find percentile

Data Management (1 decks)

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