Things To Know Flashcards
Sae 1st digit
Primary alloying element
Sae last two digits
Percentage of hundredths of a precentor carbon in steel
Sae 2XXX
Nickle
Sae 1020 carbon content
.20%
Low carbon steel
0.03 - 0.3
Medium carbon steel
0.3 - 0.8
High carbon steel
0.8 - 1.4
The lower Critical Point of all Steel
723deg C
0.83 carbon steel when heated the Lower and Upper
Critical points converge and is called
Eutectoid point
After Steel is cold worked, bent, rolled it is
Annealed, Normalised
Hardening causes Steel to be brittle and is reduced by
Tempering
Lowest heat treatment
Tempering
Heat treatment
Annealing-Normalising- Hardening-
Tempering and surface hardening
Steel that is Forged
Normalizing
Heat treatment for Steel
hardening, tempering , normalizing
Heat treatment - Case hardening are
Carburising, Nitriding
Case hardening hard wear
resistant surface over strong core, tough
Nitriding
Case hardening
Carburising
is Case hardening
Heat treatment
age hardening
Young’s Modulus tests
Tensile load
Young’s modulus/ test material resistance
Strain under tensile loads
High longitudinal modulus of elasticity
Young’s modules
CRES what group
Austenitic group
Tensile tests the
Strength of metal
Tensile strength
Stretching material
Hooke’s Law Stress
is directly proportional to Strain
Creep is
When a metal is subject to both Tensile Stress and High Heat over a long period
Fatigue strength test
Repeated Stress Cycles
Fatigue strength test determines
life span of material
Prone to Fatigue
Effects Life Span
What do you measure in the Brinell test
diameter of the impression
Impact resistance test Izod
Toughness
Vickers hardness tester use a
Diamond
To measure Brinell Impression you use
Calibrated Microscope
What point is on Brinell tester
Ball
What point can be on Rockwell hardness tester
Conical Diamond
Aluminium Alloy AA1017 what is the first Digit
Alloy type
AA1017 what is the second Digit
Modification of Alloy
AA1017 Third and Fourth digit.
Percentage of Purity of Aluminium above 99%
AA 5056 Alloy
Magnesium
AA 2024 alloy
copper
AA 3003 alloy
Manganese
7075 Al
Zinc
5052 alloy
Magnesium Can be Welded, High strength, ductile
1100 Pure Aluminium
High electrical conductivity
2117-T3
Solution Heat treatment -cold worked
T6
Solution Heat treatment and Artificial Ageing
2024-T6
Solution heat treated and Precipitation treated
T3
Al solution heat treatment & cold worked
T3
Solution heat treatment and Strain hardening
Slow down Ageing process
Freezing to -20 degree
T4
Solution Heat treatment & Natural ageing
Alclad
Thin layer of pure Al on both sides of 2024-T4
Fuselage skin made from
CLAD 2024-T3
Core material of Alclad 2024-T4
Solution Heat treated Aluminium Alloy/surface pure aluminium
Repeat Annealing will cause
Material to Crack/ less strength
Treatment for non-heat treatable Alloy
Cold working
Skin of Firewall made from
Titanium
Strength of non-heat treatment aluminium increases with.
Strain hardening
Strength of non-heat treatment aluminium increases with
cold Working
In Appearance Titanium is similar to
stainless steel
Aluminium heat treated to specific temperature for a set Time and Quenched is?
Solution Heat Treatment
Pure Aluminium on both surfaces
Process to prevent Corrosion
Failure to Quench Aluminium in time
Impairs Corrosion resistant Qualities
Further name for Precipitation heat treatment.
Artificially aged
Material to Clad Aluminium Alloy
Pure Aluminium
O
Temper Designation for Aluminium Annealed cold
H
Metal cannot be heat treated-Hardened by Cold
working
Another Term for Artificial aging
Precipitation heat treatment
AA numbering system-second digit
Alloy Modification
Where is Cast Aluminium found on
aircraft Gearbox
Fuselage’s are generally made from
2024-T3
Melting point of Aluminium
660 degree
Where is Aluminium used
Fuselage skin
Nickle-chromium-Iron Alloy used for
Temperature sensing bulbs
Silver Solder melting point
460 deg C
Sintering Bronze used in
small oil retaining Bearings
Solder Tin/Lead 60/40 melting point
187 deg C
Heat treatable Aluminium alloy’s
2,6,7,8 Series
Hooke’s law
Strain is proportional to stress
Tensile strength
Max force divided by cross section area
Strength increase non heatable alloy
cold working
Spherical penetrator used by
Brinell
Impact tester
toughness
Creep
Tensile stress & high temp - long time
Advantage of Epoxy resin
Low Shrinkage and High strength to weight ratio
Temperature moisture should be removed at
150 degree F
What direction is honeycomb replaced
ribbon direction
Information about working on Resin
Material Safety data
Chopped strand Mat
Fibres are short
Pattern of Honeycomb
Hex
Shelf Life
Length of Time Resin is Stored
Curing Agent
Epoxy resin
Load carrying property of Fibre
Fibre Length
Carbon Graphite Fibre
is Stiff-High Compression Strength-Corrode
aluminium
Forms of Fibre
Mat-Woven- Strains- Chopped
Glass or Composite Plastic are
Thermosets
Honeycomb Core for Al Nomex Glass – Kevlar
Kevlar
Catalyst in Polyester resin
Aids joining Polyester Modules
Polyester Resin to Cure
Requires Heat
Honeycomb compared to sheet metal Adv.
Rigidity
Micro Balloons added to Epoxy resin
Add Volume-light in weight
Gains of Honeycomb over Soft Metal
Rigidity
Kevlar is strongest
Tension –strength
Dermatitis
Skin contact resin
Honeycomb Core
Nomex
Composites used
Lighter than metal
Increase temperature in cold cure resins
decreases Pot life
Black Composite material
Carbon
Epoxy type
Thermoset
Pot Life
resin Length of time resin remains useable
Nomex honeycomb made from
Resin impregnated synthetic Fibre
Unidirectional weave cloth used when
Strength in one direction
3 properties of Composites
Strength-Stiff- Impact resistance
Chopped strands Mat in woven fabric
Fibres are short
4 types of honeycomb core
Nomex, aluminium, Glassfibre, Kevlar
Water in composite
X Ray
Composite Delamination
Core from Face sheet
Washing Hands
Cold water
Bonding of Composite
Tap test
Damage composite
refer to SRM
Simplest test for delamination
Tap test
Core Material to replace damage honeycomb
Fibreglass
Honeycomb repair test after
tap test
Glue deterioration in wood p158
Glue surface shows wood grain
Decay in wood P3-116
No decay allowed
Faint line running across
Compression failure
Wood used P3-106
Spruce
Moisture content check P3-108
By weight or / and moisture Meter
Moisture content by
weight Weight sample, dry sample and weigh again
Content of moisture P3-108
10% to 15% ± 2%
Glass Fibre susceptible to P3-164
Acid rain
Aircraft fabric fitted what angle to slip stream P3-170
45⁰ or Inline
Tensile bearing strength of cord P3-162
60 lbs
Grade A cotton threads P3 -164
80-84 threads per inch
Anti Blush thinners is added to Dope P3-168
Slow down drying/ prevent condensation
Final or finish coat
Pigmented Dope P3 -179
Blushing a white cast formed on Dope surface P-181
Moisture condensing on uncured dope
Galvanic action P4-10
No porous dielectric material
Fretting corrosion P4-26
2 surfaces fit tightly together
Cyclic stress & corrosion
Fatigue
Smoking rivets P4-26
fretting corrosion
Along the Grain boundaries P-22
Intergranular Corrosion
Fretting P4-26
loose rivet
Worm like under paint P4-30
Filiform Corrosion
Exfoliation corrosion P-24
Extruded or rolled metals section
Worm like P4-30
Filiform Corrosion
Lifting or flaking
Exfoliation
Magnesium
most anodic
Cadmium plated steel bolt in non clad 2024
Cadmium corrodes first
Intergranular corrosion
improperly heat treated
Rivet Grip Length
1/16
Ref 2017/2024
Age hardening
Countersunk rivet
100⁰
Length -5
5/16
“AD” rivet
2117
Dimple
2117
Rivet loads
Shear & tension
Rivet code in box “XC” “6F”
A fluid tight fastener
2117 “AD” rivet
Finished by Manufacture Don’t require
heat treatment
2017/2024 in ice
Slows age Harding
2024 use within 10 min otherwise
refrigerate
Rivet 2 raised dashes
2024 (DD) rivet
Rivnuts
used floor and non structure
Rivets must be heated before driving
only reheat 3 times
Rivet no head marking
A 1100
Raised cross
5056
Raised dot
2017 D
raised cross
5056
Primary structure
A
Pop rivet
Break stem
Pop rivet
Not for structure
Ms20470AD5-4
has a shank 5/32
5056 letter code
B
Chery Max with Anvil washer on Stem
Anvil washer on Stem
MS20470AD4-7 what type
universal
Hi LocK removed
Oversize shank
Ms20426dd-6-5
shank 5/16
Helical extension/ Tension Spring where those it break
Hook
Helical compression spring uses a
Ground End
High speed control surface has high load
torsional twisting of torque tube
Torsion Spring Bending Stress
Twisting
Helical tension Spring characteristics
Linear
Taper roller
Radial and axial
Fluid Damping
Vibration
Journal
Radial
Heavy Radial
Roller
Needle roller
Small space / limited space
Heat of lubricant removed by
Oil
Fluid Damping
Dynamic Load
Wheel
Taper/Roll
Radial and thrust
Taper/Roll
Material of bearing ball/roller
Hard Steel
Load Ball Bearing
Thrust/Radial
Heavy Radial loads
Roller
Oil Damp bearing
Vibration and high dynamic loads
Pulley attached to Shaft
Keyway
Chain wheel Sprocket
Change Direction
Can Chain Drive in Flight Control be Reversed
Yes - Unless Non-reversible chain
Erase free play in gear train
Shims
Change direction of Drive
Bevel gear
Worn Gear Paton produces
Shows on teeth of Drive gear
Planetary Gear Sun Input
Ring fixed
Helical Gear Produces
Axial Load
Gears
Back lash Required
Woodruff Key
semi Circular recess
Quietest Gear
Helical
Planetary outer gear
Ring
What can Planetary do
Both Increase and Decrease Speed
Idler gear
Idler gear Idler purpose rotate output same as input direction
Ratio of worm gear
diameter of wheel
Sun gear
input ring fixed
Good cable to use on Pulley
7 X 19
predictable angular rotation
chain driven sys
Testing a Swage fitting
100% of cable strength
Excessive wear on pulley walls
Pulley misaligned
Cable 1 X 7
1 strand 7 wires
Cable 1 X 7
Not Flexible
Fairlead
Guide cable through structure
Cable compensator
Holds cable tension under all conditions
New cable - proof load
Pre Stretch cable and check end fitting
Checking tension on cables
Rig pins loose
Solvents in Cable will
Wash out Lubricant
What happens tension on Warm day
Cable Tension increases
Witness hole in Turnbuckle
unable to thread cable through hole
Control cable end terminal are
Swaged fitting
Mechanical linkage through a bulkhead
use Pressure seal
Max threads on turnbuckle exposed
3
What is a flexible cable
7/19
Test on Swage
100% of cable strength
Fairlead stops deflection of cable up to
3˚
Grove on end of turnbuckle indicates
LH thread side
Post adjustment of turnbuckle
Safety and locked
Clean cables with solvent
Remove’s lubricant internal
Witness hole in push pull rod
enough thread engagement
Fairlead
Protect cable from structure
Crimping tool for tags is
Certi- crimp ratchet type
Single wire type uses aircraft structure as
return path
Class A, B, C, D connector are made from
Aluminium
Cable Part no
Printed on cable
Insulation voltage rating
600V
Terminal strength
full strength of cable
Where are receptacle’s found
On Components- Valve, Actuator
Temp of Tin coated copper cable
105 deg C
Temp of Nickel coated copper cable
250 deg C
Temp of Nickel clad copper cable
250 deg C
Temp of Silver coated copper cable
200 deg C
Electrical cable Fire resistant
5 minutes
Electrical cable Fire proof
15 minutes
Most connectors are now
Crimped
Check fluid level of Hydraulic crimper
Horizontal
Oxide on exposed silver plated cable is
an insulator
Tersil cable Orange
Nickel plated copper fire resistant 190
Fepsil cable replacing Tersil Green
Nickel plated copper fire resistant 190
Silver coated cable is prone to
Red plague
Efglas cable White
Nickel plated copper High temp cable 250
Ignition HT cable
Multi strand, single core, screened
Aluminium cable when flexed.
work harden and embrittlement
Maximum Terminals on Stud
4
Hot stamped cable are prone to
Wet arc tracking
Position of inline splice on loom
Outside for inspection
Cable Tersil 22-22 refers to
American Wire Gauge size of conductor
Terminal Crimping tools are colour coded
RED, Blue, Yellow
Copper cable compared to Aluminium is
smaller size
Current capacity of 8 AWG Copper cable use
6 AWG Aluminium cable
Allowable Voltage Drop for 28V cable
1 Volt continuous, 2 Volts Intermittent
Considerations in selecting a cable
Current, Voltage Drop, Insulation
Current carrying capacity of cable
AWG
Cable size AWG
Cross sectional area “Circular Mil
Airframe cable
Designed for environment
Coaxial Cable is used for
Transmitting Radio frequencies
Equipment Cables
Flexible and suitable for soldering
Interconnect Cables
Thinner insulation
Coaxial Cable the impedance is
Full length of cable
EGT Probes made from Chromel/ Alumel
Cables attached to Probe/sensor are same material
Cable Code 3135-27B20N
3135 ATA 100 wire number prefix
Cable Code 3135-27B20N
27 Wire Number
Cable Code 3135-27B20N
“B” Segment Letter
Cable Code 3135-27B20N
20 Wire gauge
Cable Code 3135-27B20N
“N” Ground (suffix letter)
Suffix Letter can be
“N” Ground, A,B,C Phase or
Thermocouple Material
Cable Code Number X26D-22A
“X” AC power
Cable Code Number X26D-22A
26 Cable number
Cable Code Number X26D-22A
“D” Segment Number
Cable Code Number X26D-22A
“A” Phase A
PIDG Pre- Insulated Diamond Grip Terminals
Colour coded Red, Blue and Yellow
Conductor extend beyond terminal barrel
1/32 inch
Correct indent on Blue Terminal
2 Dots
Terminal bending max radius
30 deg
Connector MS27467 E 21 A 41 P A
“E” environment class
Connector MS27467 E 21 A 41 P A
21 Shell size
Connector MS27467 E 21 A 41 P A
“A” connector Shell Material
Connector MS27467 E 21 A 41 P A
41 Number of Inserts
Connector MS27467 E 21 A 41 P A
“P” Pin “S” Socket
Inserts are read
From inside to out in Clockwise direction
Connector MS27467 E 21 A 41 P A
“A” Polarisation (Key/Insert orientation)
Front release Insert
Released from Front removed from Rear
Rear release Insert
released from Rear removed from Rear
Push Pull connector
Deutch
Electrical AN connector ident no
A,B,C, and D are Aluminium
High temp cables coated with
Nickel or Silver
Electrical AN connector Ident no K
Made from Steel
Terminals and inlines are colour code for
wire size that can be used
Ident for wires
Printed on insulation
Aluminium cables used to
Save weight
High temp areas coating
silver or nickel
