Things to KNOW

Question 1

Temperature

Answer 1

36-38

96.8-100.4

Question 2

Pulse

Answer 2

60-100 bpm

Question 3

Respirations

Answer 3

12-20 breaths per minute

Question 4

Pulse Pressure

Answer 4

30-50 mmHg

Question 5

SaO₂

Percent of oxygen saturation

of hemoglobin

Answer 5

95-100%

Question 6

SvO₂

Saturation of

venous blood

Answer 6

70%

Question 7

Calcium Levels

Magnesium Levels

Answer 7

8. 6-10.2 mg/dL
9. 5-2.5 mEq/L

Question 8

Potassium Levels

Answer 8

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

Question 9

Sodium Level

Answer 9

136-145 mEq/L

Question 10

pH

Answer 10

7.35-7.45

Question 11

BUN

Answer 11

10-20 mg/100mL

Question 12

Creatinine

Answer 12

0.5-1.2 mg/100mL

Question 13

Hematocrit

Answer 13

42-52% (male)

37-47% (female)

Question 14

PT

Answer 14

11-12.5 seconds

Question 15

INR

Answer 15

0.76-1.27

Question 16

aPTT

Answer 16

30-40 seconds

Question 17

Platelets

Answer 17

150,000-400,000 /mm³

Question 18

Signs of Hyperkalemia

Answer 18

dizziness, weakness, cardiac irregularities, muscle cramps, diarrhea, and nausea, spiked T waves, acidosis

high potassium foods=bananas, OJ, cantaloupe, strawberries, avacados, spinach, fish, potatoes

Question 19

Signs of Hypokalemia

Answer 19

muscle weakness, myalgia, fatigue, muscle cramps, flattened/inverted T wave, alkalosis, shallow respirations, arrhythmias, tachy, thready pulse, vomiting, NG suctioning

Drug causes: HCTZ. Lasix

NEVER give K+ IVP-can cause fatal heart rhythm, irritating to veins

Question 20

Minimum Urine Output

Answer 20

30 mL/hr

720 mL/day

Question 21

IV Sites

Answer 21

1. Infection
2. Infiltration-leakage of IV fluid/meds into subQ tissue; edema,tight, cool skin, tenderness, Extravasation=vesicant drugs (extremely irritating-can cause necrosis)
3. Phlebitis-pain, red inflamed vein, hard, cord-like–tx=warm compress
4. Thrombosis-slowed/stopped infusion, swelling, tx=cold compress
5. Air embolism-chest pain, dyspneia, tachy, hypotension, dizzy, tx=clamp cath-pt in lateral trendelenburg on left side, give O2

Question 22

Broad Spectrum Antibiotics

Answer 22

clindamycin

cephalosporins

fluoroquinolones

Question 23

Hb

Answer 23

Female: 11.7-16.0

Male: 13.2-17.3

Question 24

WBC’s

Answer 24

4,500-10,000