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NBEO 1 > Things to Cram > Flashcards

Things to Cram Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs that cause aplastic anemia

A
  • chloramphenicol
  • diamox
  • trimethoprim
  • methotrexate
  • pyromethamine
  • CAI’s
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2
Q

MRSA drugs

A
  • Bactrim
  • Clindamycin
  • Doxycycline
  • Trimethoprim
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3
Q

Drugs that can be taken on an empty stomach

A
  • Penicillins
  • Azithromycin
  • Tetracyclines (besides doxy)
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4
Q

Drugs contraindicated in pregnancy

A
  • Fluoroquinolones
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Tetracyclines
  • Sulfonamides, steroids
  • Ibuprofen
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5
Q

Safe pregnancy drugs

A
  • Penicillins
  • Azithromycin/ erythro
  • Cephalosporins
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6
Q

Bactericidal drugs

A
  • Bacitracin
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Cephalosporins
  • Fluoroquinolones
  • Penicillins
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7
Q

Bacteriostatic drugs

A
  • Tetracyclines
  • Erythromycin
  • Sulfa drugs
  • Trimethoprim
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8
Q

Polysporin

A

bacitracin + polymyxin b

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9
Q

neosporin

A

bacitracin + polymyxin b + neomycin

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10
Q

Drugs that cause optic neuritis

A
  • chloramphenicol, chropropamide, oral contraceptives (estrogens/ progestins) sulfa drugs, ethambutol, MAO-I’s, isoniazid
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11
Q

drugs that cause NAION

A

-vildenafil, imitrex, viagra, amiodarone

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12
Q

drugs that cause toxic neuropathy

A

digitalis, isoniazid, chloramphenicol, ethambutol

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13
Q

Augmentin

A

Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid

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14
Q

Aminoglycosides SE

A

nephro + ototoxicity

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15
Q

tetracyclines SE

A
  • dont give to children: bone + teeth
  • dont give to preggos
  • pseudo-tumor: CATS (contraceptives, accutane, tetracylines, synthryoid)
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16
Q

Drugs that can cause pseudo tumor cerebri

A

CATS (contraceptives, accutane, tetracylines, synthryoid)

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17
Q

sulfa synthase

A

sulfameth

sulfa di

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18
Q

sulfa reductase

A

TMP- treats marrow poorly
trimethoprim
methotrexate
pyromethamine

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19
Q

bactrim

A

sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim

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20
Q

toxo tx

A

sulfadimethoxine + pyromethamine

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21
Q

inhibit ergosterol synthesis

A

-azoles

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22
Q

drugs that cause worl - k

A 
chloroquine
hydroxychloroquone
amiodarone
indomethacin
tamoxifen
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23
Q

drugs/ conditions that cause bull’s eye maculopathy

A 
some people cant handle the bull
stargardts
progressive cone dystrophy
chloroquine
hydroxychloroquine
thioridizine
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24
Q

hepatitis fecal oral

A

A, E

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25
Q

hepatitis super infection

A

b superinfection w/ d

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26
Q

hepatitis vaccine

A

A, B

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27
Q

hep c

A

chronic; tx: ribavirin

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28
Q

mast cell stabilizers

A

stabilize Ca+ influx

alacrile, alamide, alamast

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29
Q

anti-histamine combo drugs

A 
BEZPOP
bepreze
elestat
zaditor
patanol
optivar
pataday
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30
Q

topcal anti-histamine

A

emedastine

used in combo w/ naphacon a

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31
Q

1st gen anti histamiine

A 
"phen" drugs
diphehydramine
chlorpheniramine
bromopheniamine
promethazine

can cause bbb, sedation, dry eye, inc iop, mydriasis

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32
Q

2nd gen anti histamine

A

citirizine
allegra
claritin

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33
Q

drugs that cause oculogyricrisis

A

citirizine (zyrtec) - 2nd gen anti- h
chlorpromazine- anti - p
thioridazine - anti - p

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34
Q

anti-depressants

A

imipramine

amitryptiline

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35
Q

3 things TCA’s do

A

increase norepinephrine
increase serotonin
increase anti-chol effects (dry eye, mydriasis, IOP)

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36
Q

MAO-I

A

Phenelzine

increase NE –> increase sympathetic –> heart SE

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37
Q

anti-psychotics + SE

A

chlorpromazine
thioridazine

dry eye
mydriasis
inc IOP
pigment on cornea
pigment on lens
pigment on retina
oculogyric crisis
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38
Q

ipratropium

A

relax smooth muscles in lung - COPD, asthma
muscarinic antagonistic properties
causes mydriasis and inc IOP but not dry eye

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39
Q

phenylephrine CI

A

graves disease
narrow angles
TCAs, MAO-I

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40
Q

visine

A

tetrahydrozoline

alpha 1 receptor

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41
Q

lung drugs

A

beta 2 buts + terols
salmeterol

acute drugs
metoprterenol
albuterol
levalbuterol
terbutaline
all increase IOP except salmeterol
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42
Q

dopamine agonists

A

amantidine
bromocriptine
methylcriptine
amphetamine

acts on all 4 receptors

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43
Q

beta blockers

A

timolol
levobunolol
metripranolol
carteolol (heart, intrinsic sympathomimetic activity)

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44
Q

beta blocker CI

A 
COPD
CHF
bradycardia
asthma
AV block- arrhythmias
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45
Q

beta 1 selective

A

betaxolol
atenolol
metaprolol

bronchoconstriction, bradycardia

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46
Q

alpha blockers

A

tamsulosin
prazosin
terazosin

alpha 1 block— miosis

used for htn and bph
floppy iris syndrome

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47
Q

prostaglandin SE

A 
iris heterochromia
conj hyperemia
CME, inc iris growth (hyper-trichosis)
periorbital skin darkening
CI- uveitis pt or active inflammation
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48
Q

CAI SE

A 
sulfa based
metallic taste
aplastic anemia
metabolic acidosis
weight loss
impotence- beta blockers
diarrhea
myopic shift
parasthesia
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49
Q

CAI CI

A

copd
sulfa allergy
liver/ renal problems
pregnancy (sulfa based)

50
Q

insulin effects in adipose tissue

A

increased glucose uptake
increased lipogenesis
decreased lipolysis

51
Q

insulin effects in liver

A

decreased glyconeogenesis (glucose in blood)
increased glycogensis
increased lipogenesis

52
Q

insulin effects overall

A 
increased glycogenesis
increased glucose uptake
activates tyrosine kinase
puts glucose into cells - wants to store things
parasympathetic team
genesis not lysis
53
Q

biguanides

A

metformin- glucophage

decrease glucose formation

54
Q

sulfonureas

A

increase insulin secretion
glipizide
glyburide
chlorpropamide

CI in pts with sulfa allergies

55
Q

pioglitazone

A

decreases insulin resistance

56
Q

three things that increase blood pressure

A

ADH
angiotensin
aldosterone

57
Q

ace inhibitors

A

lisinopril
enalapril
captopril

cough, stops conversion of angio 1 to angio 2

58
Q

ARB

A

losartan

stops affects of angiotensin 2: increased ADH, incr aldosterone, potent vasoconstrictor

59
Q

L type calcium channel blockers

A

Nifedipine
Verapamil
Diltiazem

nife- vrap- dizzy
useful for low tension glaucoma

60
Q

calcium in heart

A

leads to contractility –> block –> dec contract –> decreased BP

61
Q

diamox diuretic

A

works on pct

metabolic acidosis because you pee out bicarb

62
Q

lasik diuretic

A

works on thick ascending loop
causes you to loose k+
normal: ka, k , cl - h20 follows
stops this: h20 cant follow

63
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide diuretic

A

works on early DCT
normal: na + h20 pulled out
stops this: dec bp by putting all this back in

64
Q

aldosterone diuretic

A

works on late dct

normal: na is reabsorbed- h20 follows- k+ seretion

65
Q

potassium sparing diuretic

A

works on late dct
normal: na, h20 follows; k+ secretion
stops this: now K+ is reabsorbed (inc k+ in body)

66
Q

aldosterone diuretic

A

works on collecting duct

promotes h20 reabsorption

67
Q

nephron terms

A 
inside lumen= toilet
reabsorbed= in body
secretion --> lumen --> toilet

when glucose + ions are reabsorbed –> h20 follows –> increases blood pressure

68
Q

statins

A

act on HMG CoA reductase
dec LDL, inc HDL, dec tri
SE: myopathy: muscle soreness, hepatotoxicity

69
Q

gemfibrozil

A

dec LDL, dec tri

70
Q

cholestyramine

A

dec LDL - used in combo

71
Q

tamoxifen

A

used in breast cancer
inhibits estrogen

SE: cataracts, clots (CRVO, BRVO), corneal (whorl -K), crystalline retinopathy (only drug to cause this), cancer (uterine)

72
Q

sumatriptan

A

imitrex

accummulates serotonin – vasoconstriction – SPCAs – O2 to ON – NAION

73
Q

diazepam

A

used for anxiety/ panic attacks
oepns cl channels - hyperpolarization
antichol effects

74
Q

digoxin

A

increase intracellular ca (by inhibiting na/k pumps) – increases contractility – increase BP

SE: retrobulbar Oneuritis, color defect (blue/yellow), entopic phenomenom

75
Q

amiodarone

A

anti-arrhythmic
k+ channel blocker
SE: NAION, whorl k, ant lens deposits

76
Q

drugs that cause color defects

A

digoxin, accutane, viagra

77
Q

tryptophan precursor for

A

serotonin

78
Q

tyrosine precursor for

A

NE/Epi, melanin

79
Q

drugs that affect EOMS

A

phenytoin, phenorbital, diazepam

80
Q

drug that causes diplopia

A

phenytoin

81
Q

drugs that cause blue sclera

A

minocycline, steroids
conditions: osteogenesis imperfecta, ehlers danlos
attacks type 1 collagen

82
Q

drugs that cause dry eye

A

anti hist, anti psych, anti dep, anti anxiety, anti muscle spasms, duiretics/lasiks, accutane, b-blockers, contraceptives, dextro/methyl (dopamine agonists)

83
Q

drugs that cause SPK

A

-broad spectrum anti-b, accutane, aminoglycosides, topical nsaids, viroptic

84
Q

drugs that cause pigment on endothelium

A

chlorpromazine, thioridazine, promethazine

85
Q

drugs that cause miosis

A

ach-i, donepezil, a-1 blockers, pilo

86
Q

drugs that cause anterior capsular effects

A

may trigger ant cats

miotics, thioridizine, amiodarone, chlorpromazine

87
Q

drugs that cause PSC

A

steroids

88
Q

drugs that cause sub conj heme

A

nsaids
warfarin
viagra

89
Q

drugs that cause mydriasis

A

-anti chol
adrenergic agonists
dopamine agonists
b2 agonists- constric maci

90
Q

increase iop

A

-anti chol
adrenergic agonists
dopamine agonists
b2 agonists- constric maci

+
steroids (dec corneoscleral outflow), b2 (buts, terols)

91
Q

decrease iop

A

digitalis
alcohol
marijuana

92
Q

epinephrine se

A

cme

93
Q

drug considerations for diabetics

A

steroids + hyperosmotics cause hyperglycemia

beta blockers can mask hypoglycemia

94
Q

renal/liver disease considerations

A

systemic anti- inflams can cause kidney disease
rifampin - affects liver
acyclo/cal/gang: safe but caution w/ kidney disease

95
Q

thyroid disease

A 
adrenergic agonists (phenylephrine) can cuase high bp/cardio effects
TCAs/MAO-I; increase sympathetic, smoking
96
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

worsened by topical timolol (beta- blocker)

blocks ach receptor at nmj

97
Q

pulmonary

A

topical beta blockers can induce asthma

98
Q

safe age for polytim. sulfacetamide, e-mycin, tobramycin

A

> 2 mo

99
Q

safe age for fluoroquinolones (except levofloxacin)

A

> 1 year

100
Q

safe age for tobradec

A

> 2 year

101
Q

safe age for alomide

A

> 2 year

102
Q

safe age for acular, alamast, alocril, emadine, optivar, zaditor, patanol

A

> 3 year

103
Q

safe age for cromolyn sodium

A

> 4 years

104
Q

safe age for FML

A

> 2 year

105
Q

safe age for viroptic

A

> 6 years

106
Q

only safe glaucoma med during pregnancy

A

brimonidine

107
Q

Phenytoin

clinical use + SE

A

acts on NTRs: NE, AcH, GABA

SE: nystagmus, diplopia, eom palsies, ataxia, gingival hyperplasia

108
Q

phenobarbital

clinical use + SE

A

-reduces excitatory transmission (glutamateric) through AMPA
- receptor blockage
-used for seizures, sedation
SE: sedation, respiratory depression, mydriasis, inc IOP, cycloplegia, nystagmus,

109
Q

topiramate

clinical use + SE

A
  • multiple CNS effects to prevent seizures
  • used for migraine therapy + weight loss
  • SE: diplopia, nystagmus, conjunctivitis, changes in lacrimation, myopia, choroidal swelling (sulfa moiety), non pupillary secondary angle closure
110
Q

levothyroxine

clinical use + SE

A

synthetic t4 hormone for hypothyroidism
hashimoto’s
SE: hyperthyroidism sxs, pseudotumor cerebri in children

111
Q

prazosin, terazosin, tamsulosin

clinical use + SE

A

alpta 1 blocker relax smooth muscle in the bladder neck and prostate to decrease urinary outflow obstruction
-prazosin/terazosin are also indicated in treatment of HTN
SE: orthostatic htn, intraoperative floppy iris syndrome

112
Q

sildenafil, vardenafil

clinical use + SE

A

-phosphodiesterase (PDE-5) inhibits cGMP
relaxes smooth muscel in penis during an erection but us broken down by PDE-5
SE: flushing, HA, priapism, NAION, color changes (cyanopsia), blurred vision, photosensitivity

113
Q

estrogen/ progestins

clinical use + SE

A
  • estrogens stimulate growth of endometrium
  • progesterone promotes gestation (inhibits endometrial growth, maintains endometrial growth, maintains vascular supply, withdrawal leads to menstruation)
  • used in oral contraceptives, osteoporosis, dysmenorrhea, premenstrual sx, hypogonadism, hypopituitarism

SE: dry eye, optic neuritis, papilledema due to pseudotumor cerebri, inc risk of venous beading clots (CRVO, BRVO, DVT, pulmonary embolus)

114
Q

chlorpromazine; thioridazine

clinical use + SE

A

-DOPA antagonists (anti chol effects)
-SE 7: dry eye, mydriasis, inc iop
pigment on corneal endo, anterior stellate cataracts, hyperpigmentation of the RPE
oculogyric crisis

115
Q

fluoxetine

clinical use + SE

A

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
SE: fatigue, weight gain, sexual dysfunction
caution: narrow angle glc, serotonin syndrome (excess serotonin activity in CNS causing changes in mental state, autonomic hyperactivity, neuromuscular problems)

116
Q

amitriptyline, impramine

clinical use + SE

A

TCA, inhibits NE + serotonin reuptake
SE: fatigue, weight gain, sexual dysfunction, antichol effects
caution: TCA overdose is life threatening

117
Q

phenelzine

clinical use + SE

A

MAO-I
inhibits MAO (enzyme responsible for breakdown of NE + serotonin) – inhibition causes increase sympathetic effects
SE: glaucoma + nystagmus
caution: many drug interactions as a class; foods w/ tyramine (wine, cheese, died meats) in combo w/ MAO-Is can cause lethal HTN crisis, can cause serotonin syndrome when taken w/ TCA’s SSRIs

118
Q

diazepam

clinical use + SE

A

bucket 2
benzodiazepine binds to GABA receptors= hyperpolarization of CNS neurons by opening Cl- channels
Tx: acute anxiety, panic attacks, sedative/ alcohol withdrawals
SE: sedation (can be fatal if combo w/ alcohol)
can occasionally cause mydriasis (anti- ACh activity)

119
Q

alcohol

A
  • chronic use can lead to thiamine deficiency (B1)= wernicke’s encephalopathy (ophthalmoplegia, confusion, ataxia)
  • if left untreated- can lead to irreversible korsakoff syndrome (amnesia, confabulation)
120
Q

opioids

clinical use + SE

A

withdrawals sx: mydriasis, anxiety, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, sweating, tremor, nausea/vomitting, increase heart rate/ blood pressure

  • withdrawal is non-life threatening
    ex: morphine, heroin, codeine
121
Q

cocaine

clinical use + SE

A

indirect adrenergic agonist- blocks DOPA/NE uptake in reward centers of brain

  • can cause mydriasis elevation of mood, tremors, chest pain, heart palpitations
  • withdrawal is non-life threatening
  • increases sympathetic effects

NBEO 1 (1 decks)

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