Things need to memorise

Question 1

What is a neutralise reaction?

Answer 1

Any reaction that has OH- and H+ ions combine
–> Forming H2O

Question 2

Ionic equation

Answer 2

H+ + OH- –> H2O

Question 3

Acid + Active Metal

Answer 3

H2 + Salt

Question 4

Acid + Carbonate (CO3)

Answer 4

CO2 + H2O + Salt

Question 5

Acid + Base (OH- or O)

Answer 5

H2O + Salt

Question 6

What are bases?

Answer 6

Household products (Soap, detergents, oven cleaner, bathroom cleaner and toothpaste)

Question 7

Name some bases

Answer 7

Ammonia (NH3)

Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)

Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3)

Calcium Oxide (CaO)

Question 8

What are the properties of Bases?

Answer 8

• Protons acceptors
• May corrosive
• Taste bitter

Question 9

What are Alkalis?

Answer 9

Soluble bases that produce OH-

E.g. NaOH, Ca(OH)2, KOH

Question 10

What are the properties of Alkalis?

Answer 10

• Change the colour of acid-bas indicators
• Alkalis + Oxide (O2-) of non-metals –> Carbonate + H2O

E.g. 2LiOH +CO2 –> H2O + Li2CO3

Question 11

What is acid?

Answer 11

Proton donator

Question 12

When acid donates H+, what does it become?

Answer 12

Conjugated base

Question 13

When base accepts H+, what does it become?

Answer 13

Conjugated acid

Question 14

What is a Monoprotic acid?

Answer 14

Acid molecule donate 1 H+

Question 15

What is a Diprotic acid?

Answer 15

Acid molecule donate 2 H+

Question 16

What is a Triprotic acid?

Answer 16

Acid molecule donate 3 H+

Question 17

What is a strong acid? and name some.

Answer 17

Acid that readily donates H+ and completely ionised in H2O

E.g. Nitric, hydrochloric, sulphuric.

Question 18

What is a weak acid? and name.

Answer 18

Acid that doesn’t donate much H+

E.g. Ethanoic, citric

Question 19

What is concentrated and dilute?

Answer 19

The amount of acid/ base dissolved in a given volume of H2O

Question 20

What pH is considered as acid

Answer 20

5.6 and less

Question 21

What pH is pure water?

Answer 21

7

Question 22

pH equation

Answer 22

pH= -log(H3O)

Question 23

If given a base and its concentration (M). What should you do to find the pH?

Answer 23

• Splitting up the molecule
• Ratio of 2 chemicals
• Using ‘[H3O+] x [OH-] = 10^-14’
• [H3O+] =?? (be careful the ratio)
• Then use pH equation

Question 24

If give the pH (for eg. pH13) of a molecule. How to find the concentration (M)

Answer 24

• Writing equation
• Always ‘M=10^-pH of H3O’
• Use ‘[H3O+] x [OH-] = 10^-14’ equation
• Ratio
• Replace [H3O+] with the found M=…

Question 24

What is amphiprotic?

Answer 24

Are substances that can act as acids OR bases. (Eg. H2O)