Things I Need To Learn

Question 1

Name causes of climate change

Answer 1

Methane, deforestation, population and the burning of fossil fuels

Question 2

Name some physical and natural causes of climate change

Answer 2

Volcanic eruptions, tilt wobble roll, burning of fossil fuels and deforestation

Question 3

What is plucking?

Answer 3

When ice freezes onto rocks at the side of the landscape and when it moves downhill due to gravity, rocks are ripped out

Question 4

What is abrasion?

Answer 4

Rocks stuck in the base of the ice grind away the landscape underneath it. remember plucking steepens abrasion deepens

Question 5

What is freeze-thaw weathering?

Answer 5

When water enters cracks in rocks, freezes and expands. Continuous freezing and thawing puts pressure on the rocks until small pieces of rock break off

Question 6

Describe the formation of a corrie

Answer 6

Snow collects and freezes in a North facing hollow on a mountain. Gravity then moves the ice downhill and it freezes onto the back rock of the hollow and as it moves downhill, it plucks rock out. Rocks on the back wall are also removed by freeze-thaw weathering. Rocks frozen at the base deepen the hollow by abrasion. A rock lip is formed by over-deepening and the glacier melts and retreats, often leaving a corrie loch

Question 7

Describe the formation of an arête

Answer 7

The ice in the corries erodes the hollows using plucking and abrasion. As each glacier erodes both sides of the corries on either side of the ridge, the edge becomes steeper and the ridge becomes narrower. The ridge is jagged due to freeze-thaw weathering

Question 8

Describe the formation of a pyramidal peak

Answer 8

Formed where three or more corries run back to back. Glaciers erode backwards towards eachother removing rocks using the processes of plucking and abrasion. Narrow ridges, called arêtes separate the corries. As the glaciers erode backwards into the mountain, the corries get bigger; this produces a steep-sided peak between them. Freeze-thaw weathering creates a pointed peak

Question 9

Describe the formation of a u-shaped valley

Answer 9

Snow and ice collect to form a glacier in a v-shaped river valley. The glacier uses the process of plucking to steepen the sides of the valley. Ice abrasion widens and deepens the valley creating a flat valley floor. The v-shaped river valley is then turned into a u-shape valley by ice erosion. A ribbon loch may occupy the valley floor when the ice melts.

Question 10

What is hydraulic action?

Answer 10

It’s the force of waves crashing against the shore and cliffs. The power of the waves forces air into the cracks and compresses it. This compression breaks the rocks apart as the pressure is released

Question 11

What is abrasion/corrasion?

Answer 11

This is when rocks carried by the waves are thrown against cliffs breaking them up

Question 12

What is Solution/corrosion?

Answer 12

This is when chemicals in seawater dissolve minerals in the rocks.

Question 13

What is attrition?

Answer 13

When rocks carried by the waves smash into each other, wearing each other away and gradually becoming smaller, rounder and smoother

Question 14

What are the two greenhouse gases?

Answer 14

Carbon dioxide and and methane

Question 15

How are headland and bays formed?

Answer 15

Formed due to differential erosion. Clay and limestone are eroded are different rates. Clay is more softer than limestone and erodes quicker. The softer rocks erode backwards faster to form sheltered bays that often contain beaches. The harder limestone areas are more resistant to erosion and stick out into the sea to form exposed headlands

Question 16

How are caves, arched and stacks formed?

Answer 16

The waves erode along lines of weakness by hydraulic action, abrasion and corrosion. Overtime, lines of weakness are enlarged and develop into small sea caves. Occasionally, waves will erode vertically inside a cave and to form a blowhole. The caves are expanded on both sides of the headland until eventually, the sea cuts through, forming an arch. Eventually, the arch collapses to form a stack which is separated from the headland. The base of the stack gets eroded until it collapses into the sea leaving a stump which will disappear over time.

Question 17

Describe the formation of sand spits

Answer 17

Spits form where the coastline changes direction and longshore drift continues to transport sand. The transported sand is deposited in the water that is sheltered by the headland. The level of sand builds up above sea level overtime. Continued deposition allows the beach to extend into the sea and a spit is formed. Sand spits often have a curved end as a secondary wind and wave direction curves the end of the spit. The spit creates an area of calmer water behind it, where a lagoon, salt marsh or dry land can develop.

Question 18

What is relief?

Answer 18

The height and shape of the landscape

Question 19

What is aspect?

Answer 19

The direction that a place lives in relation to the sun

Question 20

What’s a depression?

Answer 20

An area of low pressure which moves in an anti-clockwise direction which brings cloudy, windy and rainy conditions

Question 21

What’s an anticyclone?

Answer 21

Areas of high pressure which moves in a clockwise direction and brings long spells of fine, dry, settled weather