Things I Get Wrong A Lot

Question 1

Describe the formation of soaps

Answer 1

By alkaline hydrolysis of edible fats and oils. Produces 3 fatty acid molecules and glycerol. The fatty acids are neutralised by an alkali forming ionic salts (soap)

Question 2

Why does food go off

Answer 2

Due to exposure to oxygen. Results in rancid smells/ taste. May be subject to change like hydrolysis

Question 3

What are terpenes responsible for

Answer 3

Distinct flavourings and aroma of spices like cinnamon

Question 4

How do isoprenes join together

Answer 4

Addition reaction

Question 5

What are Free radicals?

Answer 5

Highly reactive atoms that have one unpaired electron

Question 6

The three stages of free radicals

Answer 6

Initiation (a radicals is produced), propagation (the free radicals reacts with another molecule), termination (no more radicals are formed)

Question 7

What are free radical scavengers?

Answer 7

Usually vitamins, minerals or enzymes and are antioxidants, they donate electrons

Question 8

What is electrolysis

Answer 8

Used to obtain aluminium from Al ore

-> requires oxygen

Question 9

Acid + base -> ?

Answer 9

Salt

Question 10

What is molar volume

Answer 10

The volume occupied by one mole of any gas - same temp and pressure

Question 11

What are the units of Mv

Answer 11

Lmol ^-1

Question 12

During atom economy what must you check

Answer 12

The moles

Question 13

What does the (II) mean next to copper(II)

Answer 13

The valency

Question 14

What is feedstock

Answer 14

Raw materials or chemicals used to produce more profitable chemicals

Question 15

How do you calculate Theoretical yield

Answer 15

Products(GFM)/reactants(GFM) x grams of reactants

Question 16

Why would something be limiting (excess)

Answer 16

Less moles

Question 17

What is the activated complex

Answer 17

The high energy point (unstable) of a reaction

Question 18

What is the equation for energy change

Answer 18

Bonds broken + bonds made (but bonds made is a negative reaction)

Question 19

What does adding a catalyst do to a reaction?

Answer 19

Lowers activation energy

Question 20

What type of reaction are combustions

Answer 20

Exothermic and is always negative

Question 21

What favours an increase in temp

Answer 21

Endothermic

Question 22

What side does an increase in pressure favour?

Answer 22

The side with the least amount of gaseous molecules

Question 23

What effect does a catalyst have on an equilibrium

Answer 23

Does not - helps reach equilibrium faster though

Question 24

What is metallic bonding between

Answer 24

Metals ending in ium (Li. Be, Na, Al, Mg, Ca )

Question 25

Covalent molecules ?

Answer 25

H2 N2 O2 F2 Cl2 P4 S8 C60 (fullerene)

Question 26

Covalent network

Answer 26

Si, B, C (graphite or diamond)

Question 27

along periods ionisation ___ down groups ionisation ___

Answer 27

Increases, decreases

Question 28

Why does it take more energy to remove some atoms

Answer 28

Removed from a full energy level

Question 29

Pure covalent shave the same what

Answer 29

Electronegativity

Question 30

LDFs increase the larger the ..

Answer 30

Atomic size

Question 31

Hydrogen bonding is between H and

Answer 31

N, O and F

Question 32

Ionic compounds conduct when ..

Answer 32

Molten

Question 33

Water has

Answer 33

A high surface tension and relatively high viscosity

Question 34

CO2 is non-polar because

Answer 34

It is linear and has equal extremities

Question 35

Reducing agents

Answer 35

Donates electrons and is oxidised

Question 36

The strongest reducing agents are

Answer 36

Alkali metals (group 1)

Question 37

Oxidising agents ..

Answer 37

Gain electrons and is reduced

Question 38

The strongest oxidising agents are

Answer 38

Highly electronegative like Group 7

Question 39

Metals are ____ non-metals are ____

Answer 39

Positive , negative (ionic formula)

Question 40

Oxidising agents can be used

Answer 40

As bleach or to kill bacteria

Question 41

Sodium stearate is

Answer 41

A soap

Question 42

Fehlings solution turns

Answer 42

Blue to brick red

Question 43

Acidified potassium dichromate turns

Answer 43

Orange to green

Question 44

Tollens reagent turns

Answer 44

Clear to silver mirror

Question 45

Alkenes de colourised | bromine through an

Answer 45

Addition reaction (red/brown to colourless)

Question 46

Cycloalkanes are isomers to

Answer 46

Alkenes

Question 47

What is the name for OH

Answer 47

Hydroxyls

Question 48

Alcohols with multiple OH ends are

Answer 48

Diols or triols

Question 49

Describe the difference between alcohols

Answer 49

Primary is attached to one C, secondary to 2 Cs and tertiary 3 Cs

Question 50

Alcohols have what strong bonding

Answer 50

Hydrogen

Question 51

Name for COOH ending

Answer 51

Carboxyls

Question 52

What is neutralisation

Answer 52

Carboxylic acid + base -> salt

Question 53

When is a soap formed

Answer 53

Long chain fatty acid is used in hydrolysis

Question 54

Esters

Answer 54

Smell no s, insoluble in water, volatile and have an oily layer

Question 55

Esters can be used as

Answer 55

Solvents

Question 56

How does naming an ester work

Answer 56

Parent alcohol ends in yl and acid ends in oate

Question 57

What can be used in hydrolysis

Answer 57

Sodium hydroxide

Question 58

How are fats and oils formed

Answer 58

From glycerol and fatty acids

Question 59

What is the name for glycerol

Answer 59

Propane-1,2,3-triol

Question 60

Glycerol to fatty acid ratio

Answer 60

1:3

Question 61

Fats are ____, oils are ____

Answer 61

Saturated, unsaturated

Question 62

Soaps are made by

Answer 62

Alkaline hydrolysis of fats and oils results in glycerol and salt (soap)

Question 63

Describe a soap molecule

Answer 63

Uncharged covalent tail and a negatively charged ionic head COO-

Question 64

Emulsions work by

Answer 64

The suspension by repulsion of negatively charged ionic heads

Question 65

Monoglyceride

Answer 65

Has one hydroxyl replaced with a fatty acid ending

Question 66

Amino acids have both

Answer 66

COOH and NH2

Question 67

C=O is known as

Answer 67

Carbonyl

Question 68

Fats and oils are needed to store

Answer 68

Fat soluble vitamins and energy