things i forgot Flashcards
when does cooarctation of aorta present
most common at 48 hours when the ductus arteriosus closes
secondum ASD pathophysiology
patent foramen ovale
coaarctation tx
PGE1 infusion
surgical repair
placenta praevia delivery
asx 36-37 weeks
34-36+6 for those with hx of vaginal bleeding and other RF associated with preterm delivery
streptococci infective endocarditis
benzylpenicillin
staph infective endocarditis
flucloxacillin
PDA increases risk of
bacterial endocarditis
PDA tx
indomethacin
surgical ligation
pulmonary stenosis tx
transcatheter balloon dilatation
differentiating pulmonary stenosis vs aortic stenosis
aortic stenosis has carotid thrill
which antibiotic for acute epiglottitis
cefotaxime
rifampicin for household
allergic rhinitis ladder of tx
intranasal antihistamines > intranasal corticosteroids > intranasal decongestants e.g. epherdrine >. consider subcut immunotherapy for house dust mite allergen, etc
difference in asthma mx between <5 and 5-16yo
<5 = if LTRA doesnt work - stop LTRA and refer
5-16 = if LTRA doesnt work - stop LTRA and add LABA
moderate asthma severity
use metered dose inhaler
you admit moderate asthma patients - true or false
depends - have a lower threshold if young. also if admitted before
bronchiolitis tx
if necessary -
humidified oxygen
CPAP
fluids
new notifiable disease
covid
croup admit if
stridor at rest
cystic fibrosis prophylactic abx
flucloxacillin
azithromycin
cystic fibrosis mucoactive tx
rhdnase
hypertonic sodium chloride +/- rhdnase
mannitol dry powder for inhalation
cystic fibrosis causes which GI cx and how to tx
distal intestinal obstruction syndrome
tx with gastrografin and laxatives
inhaled foreign body tx
conscious -
1 encourage cough,
2 5x back blows,
3 5x abdominal thrusts (chest thrusts in under 1)
4 rigid or flexible bronchoscopy
usually rigid
lactose intolerance tx
refer to dietician
ix you can do in lactose intolerance
usually clinical
but can do breath hydrogen test
hyperemesis ladder of tx
antihistamines > antiemetics > steroid
laryngomalacia tx
endoscopic supraglottoplasty
GORD tx
otitis externa tx
ciprofloxacin ear drops
oral fucloxacillin if immunocompromised or severe
pneumonia in child tx
amox 5 days
sinusitis tx
sx<10d nothing
>10d consider high dose nasal corticosteroids
sleep disordered breathing
adenotonsillectomy
fever pain
need 4-5 for likely GAS
Fever over 38°C.
Purulence (pharyngeal/tonsillar exudate).
Attend rapidly (3 days or less)
Severely Inflamed tonsils
No cough or coryza
centor score
3-4 needs abx
urticaria
cetirizine
viral episodic wheeze
burst therapy
review in 48 hours
asthma follow up
if not admitted - review in 48hours
if admitted - review in 2 days
admit whooping cough if
under 6m or acutely unwell
significant breathing difficulties
whooping cough school exclusion
48 hours post abx or 21d since cough onset
anal fissure tx
stool softeners
increase fluid intake
glyceryl trinitrate intra-anally
1st line investigations in appendicitis
USS (rare<3yo)
clinical shock
weight loss>10%
cold extremities
pale or mottled skin
consciousness altered
hypotension
weak pulses
prolonged cap refill
NOT REDUCED SKIN TURGOR
moderate vs mild dehydration tx
ORS 100ml/kg for MODERATE
ORS 50ml/kg for MILD (<5%)
alginate therapy trialed for ..
1-2 weeks
more common side of inguinal hernia
right
umbilical hernia tx for
small and asx
large and sx
observation until 4-5 years of age
elective repair at 2-3 years of age
intussuception abx
clindamycin and gentamicin
IBS mx
diarrhoea - loperamide
antispasmodic - pain
pyloric stenosis fluids
1.5x fluid maintenance
UC induction
topical ASA > oral ASA > steroids
meningitis child tx
<3m = cefotaxime + amoxicillin
>3m = ceftriaxone
can give dex if >3m
second line kawasaki
steroids and infliximab
measles cx
otitis media
pneumonia
encephalitis
subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
keratoconjunctivitis
eczema severe itch
non-sedating antihistamine
erysipelas tx
penicillin V
head lice tx
wet comb and or malathion
HSP tx
supportive
joint pain - NSAIDs
scrotal involvement of SEVERE oedema or pain - oral prednisolone
in renal failure - iv corticosteroids
paraphimosis - definition and tx
urological emergency - foreskin becomes trapped in the retracted position
tx with analgesia and attempt to reduce gently with warm saline
retinoblastoma tx
vitreous seeding present (floaters) - enucleation
minimal or none - systemic chemo
Still’s dx
NSAIDs
DMARDs
high dose steroids
absence seizure tx
ethosuximide + valproate
ondansetron problem
increased risk of cleft lip
focal seizure tx
carbamazepine
which ectopic women cant have IUD
those tx with salpinectomy
do not use gestational age from the LMP alone to determine whether a fetal HB should be visible - true of false
true
ectopic follow up
if had methotrexate - day 4 and day7 bhcg, then 1 per week
if had surgery - bhcg on day 7 post op and then once a week until negative
patch missed change
<48 hours is fine
week1+2 >48 hours
change immediately, barrier for 7 days, emergency contraception if <5d since UPSI
“other” ukmec 4
HTN >160 syst or >100 dias
cirrhosis
CURRENT BC
PAST VTE
liver tumour
diabetes w complications
vomiting and contraception
< within last 2 hours - COCP and levonorg
within last 3 hours - ellaone
cocp and pop confer immediate protection if
started on day1-5 of cycle
rotterdam criteria requires anovulation for how long
> 2y
pcos oligomenorrhoea tx
REFER FOR TVUSS
weight loss
cocp or cyclical progesteron
pcos hyperandrogenism tx
co-cyprindiol +- eflornithine cream
metformin
pcos fertility tx if medical doesnt wrok
laparoscopic ovarian drilling
PCOS ovaries
12+ follicles (measuring 2-9mm in diameter) or volume increase by 10cm^3
PCOS long term cx
diabetes
CVD
OSA
endometrial cancer