Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Higher Biology > Things I Dont Know > Flashcards

Things I Dont Know Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Give a reason why 2 different primers are used

A

One primer is required for each strand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sate a research use of stem cells

A

Testing drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Suggest an a ethical reason why medical research may involve the use of embryonic stem cells

A

Reduces animal testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Suggest how the investigation could be improved to give more reliable results

A

Use more …. At each temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Explain how increasing the environmental temperature leads to an increased metabolic rate

A

Results in optimal diffusion rates, so more oxygen for respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name the type of response that allows conformers to tolerate variation in the environmental temperature

A

Behavioural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Explain how the design of the calorimeter allowed metabolic rate to be determined

A

Probes measure the temperature of the water, metabolic rate can be measured by heat lost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

State why artificial chromosomes rather than a plasmid may be used in recombinant DNA technology

A

To transfer larger sequences of DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name an environmental factor which could increase the yield of lettuce, explain how this would effect carbon fixation

A

Temperature, increased or optimum enzyme activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sate 2 components of species diversity

A

Species richness and proportion of each species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name the 3 components of biodiversity

A

Genetic diversity, Species diversity, Ecosystem diversity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Explain how the bottleneck effect may lead to the extinction of certain species

A

There is a reduced population, inbreeding can result in poor reproductive rates, can’t adapt in response to environmental changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sate the term used to describe these tunnels

A

Habitat corridors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Explain how these tunnels may result in an increased biodiversity

A

Allows movement between fragments increasing access to food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Use your knowledge of natural selection to explain how the use of antibiotics has led to the evolution of MRSA

A

MRSA resistant bacteria survive, pass on resistant alleles to the next generation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe how unspecialised meristem differentiate into specialised cells

A

Certain genes are switched on

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Explain how the presence of a geographical barrier could lead to the evolution of 2 new species

A

Prevents gene flow between sub-populations, 2 different mutations occur in the sub-populations, natural selection occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Suggest how a species of algae living under floating surface plants are still able to photosynthesise

A

They have carotenoids, they absorb light not absorbed by the surface plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Explain why F1 hybrids are not usually bred together in plant breeding programs

A

F2 has to much variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Explain why this behaviour can be described as kin selection and sate an advantage of bees raising the young

A

They are related, increased survival of shared genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

State which component of biodiversity was increased by releasing breeding pairs and explain your answer

A

Genetic diversity, different alleles introduced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What end of the strand do primers bind to

A

3 prime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Exact location of the election transport chain

A

Inner mitochondrial membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Describe the role of electrons in the electron transport chain and how this leads to the production of ATP

A

Movement of electrons releases energy to move hydrogen ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane, the flow of hydrogen ions through ATP synthase generates ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Name a complex molecule

A

Fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Describe feedback inhibition

A

Occurs when the end-product reaches a critical concentration and then inhibits and enzyme earlier in the pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

One advantage of using feedback inhibition

A

Saves energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Describe the role of carotenoids

A

Absorbs wavelengths not absorbed by chlorophyll and passes energy on to chlorophyll

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Explain why dandelions could be incorrectly identified as annual weeds

A

High seed output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Explain why behaviour, which altruistic is more common in related animals

A

It’s kin selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Name a type of behaviour that is often shown by dominant members of a society

A

Ritualistic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Give an advantage of being in a social hierarchy

A

Reduces conflict

33
Q

Intensive farming chicken showed abnormally low levels of activity name this behaviour

A

Apathy

34
Q

Advantage of intensive farming

A

Low costs

35
Q

Explain why biodiversity in isolated fragments decreases as the side of the fragments gets smaller

A

Increased competition for food, genetic diversity decreases

36
Q

Explain why primers are necessary for DNA replication

A

To give DNA polymerase a start point for DNA replication

37
Q

Explain why only the leading strand can be replicated continuously

A

DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the 3 prime end of the primers

38
Q

Suggest how a change in the sequence of bases in DNA transcribed to rRNA in the mutated cultures results in a decrease in protein synthesis

A

Change in the sequence may change the structure of the ribosome, mRNA can’t join to the ribosome

39
Q

Explain the importance of duplication mutations in evolution

A

Beneficial mutations can occur, in one of the copies of the DNA, the others gene can still be expressed to produce its protein

40
Q

Give one example of the type of data required to generate a molecular clock

A

DNA sequence data

41
Q

Give one role of the non-coding DNA in the genome

A

To be transcribed to rRNA

42
Q

State the exact location of glycolysis

A

Cytoplasm

43
Q

Describe the role of dehydrogenase enzymes in the conversion of intermediates to pyruvate

A

Removed electrons and hydrogen ions and transports them to the electron transport chain, turns NAD to NADH

44
Q

Suggest a measurement that could have been taken to show wether the hamster had entered torpor

A

Heart rate

45
Q

Name the method of control that involves using both insecticides and wheel bugs

A

Integrated pest management

46
Q

Give one reason why invasive species are more successful in their new habitat

A

Free form predators that were found in their original habitat

47
Q

Explain why ticks are vectors

A

Transfer bacteria to humans

48
Q

Explain why ticks are parasites

A

Take blood form humans who are harmed in the process

49
Q

Explain why giving alarm calls can be described and altruistic behaviour

A

Warns others, helps others escape

50
Q

One benefit of primates forming alliances

A

Increases position in social hierarchy

51
Q

One benefit of primates carrying out appeasement behaviours

A

Reduces conflict

52
Q

State one use plants make of the light energy absorbed by pigments during photosynthesis

A

Exited electrons

53
Q

Suggest a reason why breeding programs include crossbreeding

A

To get the best genes from both breeds

54
Q

Name the type of cross used to identify if the genotype of the desired characteristic Suffolk male of homozygous

A

Test cross

55
Q

Some mutations occur in the sequences which regulate the transcription of genes, suggest why this may lead to more lactase enzyme being produced

A

Gene is permanently switched on

56
Q

State the term which describes this change in gene frequency why a small population of individuals break away from a larger population

A

Genetic drift

57
Q

Strand A is the lagging strand use information from the diagram to support this

A

It has 2 primers

58
Q

Suggest why exposure to UV light may result in yeast cells that can survive in high concentrations of ethanol.

A

Causes mutations

59
Q

Name this process H2O —> H+ +O2

A

Photolysis

60
Q

One benefits one is harmed; name this type of symbiosis

A

Parasitism

61
Q

Explain how the arrangement of a full circulatory system supports a birds high metabolic rate

A

Prevents oxygenated blood form mixing with deoxygenated blood, so efficient oxygen delivery to cells

62
Q

Other than outcompeting them for resources, give a reason why invasive species have a negative impact on native species.

A

Prey on native species

63
Q

Describe the process that produces mature mRNA from primary mRNA

A

Cuts at the splice site, introns are removed and exons are joined together

64
Q

(thr)—(val)—(pro) name the bond

A

Peptide bond

65
Q

Name the coenzyme that carries hydrogen to the electron transport chain

A

NAD

66
Q

Explain why shredding the cabbage in step one increases the rate of production of the sauerkraut

A

Increases the surface area for bacters

67
Q

Suggest a reason why bacteria produce EPO protein which is inactive

A

The protein is folded incorrectly

68
Q

Explain how recombinant DNA technology could be used to produce an active form of the EPO gene

A

Out put modified plasmid into yeast

69
Q

Explain the importance of producing glucose and RuBP

A

For respiration, to allow the cycle to occur

70
Q

After a stem cell differentiates, only certain genes are expressed. Explain how this results in different cell types

A

Different proteins will be produced

71
Q

Describe the process of horizontal gene transfer

A

DNA is passed to bacteria in the same generation

72
Q

Explain why cells need to carry out DNA replication

A

So that and exact copy of the DNA is passed to the next generation

73
Q

Name the process for which yeast cells need the amino acid lysine

A

Gene expression

74
Q

What happens in the log phase

A

Enzymes are induced

75
Q

Describe a safety mechanism to prevent the survival of genetically modified microorganisms in the external environment

A

Introduce genes

76
Q

Specialised cells have many mitochondria, explain why this is necessary.

A

Site of aerobic respiration, which produces ATP for active transport.

77
Q

Explain the effect of absorbed light on the pigment molecules

A

Excites electrons

78
Q

State an advantage of using this type of control rather then using chemicals

A

Chemicals kill other species

Higher Biology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions