Thigh And Hip Flashcards
Connective Tissue Components
Cells, Extracellular matrix
Cartilage
- Found wherever body needs to stand up to tension and compression
- Tough and flexible
- lacks nerve fibers
- not vascular (no direct blood supply)
- firm ground substance (up to 80% water for flexibility)
Chondroblasts
- Cells that create cartilage
- mature into chrondrocytes which are found in small cavities in cartilage called lacunae
Chondrocytes
Cells that are found in small cavities in cartilage called lacunae
Hyaline Cartilage
- Shiny blue-white fibers
- form the end of long bones where they meet to form joints (aka articulations)
- “articular cartilage”
- provides firm support with some pliability
- tip of nose, connections of ribs to sternum, most of the respiratory system passages
Fibrocartilage
- similar to hyaline
- compressible and resists tension well
- found where strong support and ability to withstand pressure are required
- intervertebral discs, knee menisci
- contains many collagen fibers
Elastic Cartilage
- contains elastic fibers (increases stretchability)
- forms “skeletons” of external ear and epiglottis
Bone (osseous tissue)
- exceptionally hard
- provides support and protection to body’s structures
- matrix similar to cartilage’s matrix (abundant collagen fibers) and also has inorganic calcium salts on and bt/w fibers
- spongy bone is not as dense and has strcutures called trabeculae
Hyaline Cartilage
- Ground Substance
- Chondrocyte (cell inside lacuna)
- Lacuna
Fibrocartilage
- Ground substance
- Collagen fibers
- Chondrocyte or fibroblast (cells)
Bone is produced by _________
Osteoblasts
Osteoblasts mature into _____________
Osteocytes (which reside in lacunae w/in matrix
Cortical (compact) bone
-when observering, you are looking at closely packed structural units of bone called osteons
Osteons
- form concentric rings/layers of bony matrix (lamellae)
- lamellae surround central canal containing blood vessels and nerves serving the bone
- vessels enter and exit via perforating canals
Pelvis
- the connection bt/w the axial skeleton and the lower extremity
- pelvic bone comprised of three fused bones
- ilium
- ischium
- pubis
- each ilium articulates with the end of the vertebral column (the sacrum)
Acetabelum
-special name for the deep socket where the femoral head articulates with the fused bones
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)
Origin of sartorius muscle
Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)
Origin of rectus femoris muscle
Posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)
Superior border of sacroiliac joint
Posterior inferior iliac spine (PIIS)
Inferior border of the sacroiliac joint
Iliac crest
Insertion of numerous abdominal muscles
Greater sciatic notch
Notch where sciatic nerve leaves pelvis into leg
Ischial tuberosity
Origin of hamstring muscles
Ischial spine
Separates greater sciatic notch from lesser sciatic notch
Lesser sciatic notch
Passage for nerves to genitalia and pelvic floor
Acetabelum
Socket for articulation w/ head of femur
Superior pubic ramus
Origin of pectineus muscle
Inferior pubic ramus
Origin of adductor magnus and gracilis muscles
Obturator foramen
Origin for obturator internus/externus muscles
Pubic tubercle
Insertion of inguinal ligament
Pubic symphyseal surface
Joint surface where two pubic bones meet at pubic symphysis
Femur/acetabelum
- Femur head forms a synovial joint with acetabulum
- joint is covered by a capsule and ligaments and supported by muscles
