thesis!!

Question 1

suicide: extreme consequentialism

Answer 1

mostly impermissible due to negative consequences. exception would be if death of one leads to greatest consequences of many, then it could be permissible (and even required under extreme consequentialism)

Question 2

suicide: moderate consequentialism

Answer 2

mostly morally impermissible for same reasons as extreme consequentialist. may grant that strict consequentialist view is self-defeating in some senses.

Question 3

suicide: VE

Answer 3

impermissible as it in and of itself impedes flourishing. question as to cases where flourishing is not a possible end (eg. cases of physical disabilites)

Question 4

suicide: formula of humanity

Answer 4

impermissible, violations of perfect duty to onself

Question 5

suicide: formula of universal law

Answer 5

cannot be rationally willed (against nature)

Question 6

famine relief: extreme consequentialism

Answer 6

permissible as long as within your means. different requirements on affluent vs. vulnerable:
- robustly demanding on affluent
- minimally demanding on vulnerable/destitute
*singer

Question 7

famine relief: moderate consequentialism

Answer 7

same duty to help, less demanding because of sophisticated consequentialist (railton)
- should not come at a cost to one’s self

Question 8

famine relief: VE

Answer 8

the virtues of genorosity, magnifiance and beneficience all point to one’s duty to help. but also we have a duty to onself to flourish. therefore, must do the right thing to help, within reason (which the virtuous person will do)

Question 9

famine relief: formula of humanity

Answer 9

gnenerally supportive to support people’s happiness/ends while still supporting their agency, beneficience. important that you are offering only the help that they want in repesecting their autonomy/dignity.

Question 10

famine relief: formula of universal law

Answer 10

because beneficience is an imperfect duty, we do have the duty to help others. but you cannot universalize famine releif because it is too speciifc. can universalize the more general maxim to help, because this leaves lattitude

Question 11

selling organs: extreme consequentialist

Answer 11

really depends on circumstance, as long as done without exloitation it will be good.
*harris organ lottery example, consequentialism is not above requirement without compensation

Question 12

selling organs: moderate consequentialist

Answer 12

also supportive, requires proper government regulation to protect against exploitation

Question 13

selling organs: VE

aristotle and hursthouse

Answer 13

Aristotle: would see the commodification as unvirutous, impeaching on the virtue of self-care
Hursthouse: would not seek to prescibe, but allow for nuance if compensation would allow for flourishing

Question 14

selling organs: formula of humanity

Answer 14

the commodification makes the transaction unethical

Question 15

selling organs: formula of universal law

Answer 15

seeing people as commodities cannot be rationally willed, therefore cannot be universalized.

Question 16

abortion: consequentialist

Answer 16

nuanced, *not a lot to say

Question 17

abortion: VE

Answer 17

Hursthouse: no clearcut answer, instead based on a sense of what is worthwhile. possible to come to either decision in a virtuous way (facts of biology, saliency)

Question 18

abortion: formula of humanity

Answer 18

depends on whether you ascribe personhood to the fetus. 3 maxims of reason. has does perfect duty to self and others come into play. whether or not a party is being treated as a ‘mere means’ depends on who is being treated as a person

Question 19

abortion: formula of universal law

Answer 19

cannot universalize either option

Question 20

coercive wage offers: extreme consequentialist

Answer 20

not necessarily opposed/prohibit, but very circumstantial

Question 21

coercive wage offers: moderate consequentialist

Answer 21

less likely to identify any scenarios where it is permissible

Question 22

coercive wage offers: VE

Answer 22

essentially evil, lacking mean state. cannot flourish under coercion

Question 23

coercive wage offers: formula of humanity

Answer 23

violates autonomy, treats employees as mere means

Question 24

coercive wage offers: formula of universal law

Answer 24

cannot universalize an exploitative society

Question 25

commercial surrogate motherhood: consequentialist

Answer 25

circumstantial, must be regulated to be permissible (to avoid exploitation)

Question 26

commercial surrogate motherhood: VE

aristotle and hursthouse

Answer 26

Aristotle: commodification wouldn’t contribute to flourishing
Hursthouse: extrapolate abortion stance, would accept either decision, ultimately personal. in some cases flourishing is only possible with financial means.

Question 27

commercial surrogate motherhood: formula of humanity

Answer 27

cannot be permissible because of commodification. treating mother as mere means

Question 28

commercial surrogate motherhood: formula of universal law

Answer 28

cannot be universalizable because of infringement on dignity and autonomy