These might be in the exam (last year's paper)

Question 1

Which one of the following correctly outlines the ranks of society in Europe during the feudal system, in descending order?

(A) Knights; The King; Tenants-in chief; Serfs

(B) Tenants-in-chief; The King; Serfs; Knights

(C) The King; Tenants-in-chief; Knights; Serfs

(D) The King; Knights; Serfs; Tenants-in-chief

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which one of the following best explains the term used to emphasise the destruction, social upheaval and lawlessness associated with the Early Middle Ages?

(A) Reformation

(B) Dark Ages

(C) Guttenberg

(D) Orthodox

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Consider the following statements and select the correct option.

I Parts of a castle may have included a donjon, keep and portcullis

II Ducking stools were used to punish women accused of offences such as witchcraft or being a nagging wife

(A) Both statements are correct.

(B) Both statements are incorrect

(C) Statement I is correct and statement II is incorrect.

(D) Statement II is correct and statement I is incorrect.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Source C

An extract from an account of one of the crusaders who took part in the capture of a Jerusalem in 1099.

“With drawn swords our people ran through the city; nor did they spare anyone, not even those pleading for mercy. If you had been there, your feet would have been stained up to the ankles in blood. What more can I tell? Not one of them was allowed to live. They did not spare the women and children… It was a just and wonderful judgement of God.

Using Source C, which statement best describes the capture of Jerusalem?

(A) Muslim forces were narrowly defeated by the Crusaders.

(B) Crusaders were brutal in their treatment of the Muslim people.

(C) Crusaders were horrified at what happened in Jerusalem

(D) Muslim people in Jerusalem had to convert to Christianity

Answer 4

B

Question 5

Which of the following religions did NOT revere Jerusalem as a place of religious significance?

(A) Christianity

(B) Islam

(C) Judaism

(D) Hinduism

Answer 5

D

Question 6

What was the bubonic plague?

Answer 6

mid-fourteenth-century plague that resulted in huge loss of life in Europe, Africa and Asia. One of the more obvious symptoms was boils appearing on people’s skin.

Question 7

What was the main purpose of the Magna Carta?

Answer 7

John I and the Magna Carta
The feudal system gave kings great power. Over time, some of England’s tenants-in-chief began toresent the fact that their king, John I (1167–1216), ruled them according to his personal needs rather than the law.

On 15 June 1215, the barons forced King John to sign the Magna Carta (Latin for ‘Great Charter’). The main idea of the Magna Carta was that the king could not just do whatever he wanted in governing the country. He had to:

• respect the system of law that had developed up to that time
• Use this system of law in his dealings with the people (especially the barons).

The Magna Carta also supported the idea that people could appeal against being wrongfully imprisoned.

When King John later refused to follow the Magna Carta, his barons went to war with him. He died in battle.

Question 8

What type of work was performed by troubadours?

Answer 8

Definition:

a French medieval lyric poet composing and singing in Provençal in the 11th to 13th centuries, especially on the theme of courtly love.

Question 9

What was the three-field system in Medieval Europe?

Answer 9

The three-field system is a regime of crop rotation that was used in medieval and early-modern Europe. Crop rotation is the practice of growing a series of different types of crops in the same area in sequential seasons. Under this system, the arable land of an estate or village was divided into three large fields: one was planted in the autumn with winter wheat or rye; the second field was planted with other crops such as peas, lentils, or beans; and the third was left fallow, in order to allow the soil of that field to regain its nutrients. With each rotation, the field would be used differently, so that a field would be planted for two out of the three years used, whilst one year it “rested”. Previously a “two field system” had been in place, with half the land being left fallow. The three field system allowed farmers to plant more crops and therefore to increase production and legumes have the ability to fix nitrogen and so fertilize the soil. With more crops available to sell, this also helped the economy in general to thrive.

Question 10

Source D

Extract from an appeal by Pope Urban II at Clermont, France in 1095.

“If you choose the right path, you will be forgiven for all your sins. The path is to make war upon the Turk… Let those who are going to fight for Christianity put the form of the Cross upon their garments… God will be gracious to those who undertake this expedition.”

From Source D, what did Pope Urban II promise those who would fight for Christianity?

Answer 10

Forgiveness for their sins and gratitude from God.

Question 11

Outline THREE ways in which Medieval Europe has influenced the world today.

Answer 11

Limits to the king’s power

The decline of feudalism

The emergence of nation states

Courts, consistency and justice

Independent thinking/schooling

(Elaborate on these ideas)

Question 12

What is the correct chronological order of the following events, beginning with the earliest event?

(A) Arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World; era of Maya civilisation; execution of Atahualpa; defeat of the Aztecs

(B) Arrival of a Christopher Columbus in the New World; era of Maya civilisation; execution of Atahualpa; defeat of the Aztecs

(C) Era of Maya civilisation; arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World; defeat of the Aztecs; execution of Atahualpa

(D) Era of Maya civilisation; defeat of the Aztecs; execution of Atahualpa; arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World

Answer 12

C

A and B are the same answer

Question 13

What is the term used to indicate the region of Central America where the Olmec, Maya and Aztec civilisations developed?

(A) Pre-Columbia

(B) Mesoamerica

(C) Hispaniola

(D) Panama

Answer 13

B

Question 14

What does Tenochtitlan refer to in Aztec history?

(A) The leading city of the Aztec empire

(B) The legendary ruler of the Aztec empire

(C) The main god worshipped by the Aztecs

(D) The Spanish commander who defeated the Aztecs

Answer 14

A

Question 15

In Aztec society what was the Teopan?

Answer 15

Definition of teopan
plural -s
: the precincts of an ancient temple of Mexico : a walled enclosure containing a teocalli and other buildings devoted to religious uses

Question 16

Who was Huitzilopochtli?

Answer 16

Huitzilopochtli is a Mesoamerican deity of war, sun, human sacrifice and the patron of the city of Tenochtitlan. He was also the national god of the Mexicas, also known as Aztecs, of Tenochtitlan.

Question 17

Why did the Aztecs conduct human sacrifices?

Answer 17

The Aztec believed that they owed everything to the gods who created themselves as well as the world around them. The would perform sacrifices in order for a good crop yield or good weather among other things. They believed that the best way to repay them was to offer up blood to them in regular rituals. Although many just assume this was human blood, they also sacrificed animals as well. Some offerings weren’t outright killings as well. They would have been cutting oneself and offering the blood shed to the gods. Archaeologists estimate that a few thousand people would have been sacrificed each year. Some were members of the Aztec community but they believe that most were prisoners of war. Instead of killing their enemies in battle, they would sometimes capture them and take them back to the capital to be offered up to the gods. In one ritual, the prisoners were forced to walk up the many stairs of the temple. Once they reached the top, the priest would cut open their stomach from throat to stomach. They would rip out their heart to offer it to the gods. The bodies were then pushed down the stairs. At the bottom, the body would be dismembered or carried off depending on the ritual.

Question 18

Name the monarchs who financed the first voyage of Christopher Columbus.

Answer 18

Columbus made his transatlantic voyages under the sponsorship of Ferdinand II and Isabella I, the Catholic Monarchs of Aragon, Castile, and Leon in Spain.

Question 19

Source P

Table showing the depopulation of Indigenous Americans in Florida.

1520 Smallpox 50% 361 000
1528 Measles 50% 180 000
1545 Bubonic plague 12.5% 158 000

Using Source P, which disease brought by the Spanish conquerors had the greatest impact on the indigenous population?

Answer 19

Smallpox

Question 20

Outline FOUR long-term effects of the Spanish conquest and colonisation of the Americas.

Answer 20

New flora introduced to Europeans
New fauna introduced to Europeans
The spread of Christianity in Southern parts of America
Multicultural America
Spanish wealth

(Elaborate)

Question 21

Outline THREE ways in which the Spanish could justify the destruction and takeover of the civilisations they discovered.

Answer 21

Expansion of their empire

To change the religion adopted by those who live in the area

Question 22

Which of the following correctly outlines the class structure of feudal Japan, beginning with the highest class?

(A) Daimyo; Shogun; Peasants; Samurai

(B) Samurai; Shogun; Daimyo; Peasants

(C) Shogun; Daimyo; Samurai; Peasants

(D)Samurai; Peasants; Shogun; Daimyo

Answer 22

C

Question 23

Source H

Extract from The Tale of the Hollow Tree, written in the tenth century by Utsubo Monogatari.

“A tree that is left growing in its natural state is a crude thing. It is only when it is kept close to human beings who fashion it with loving care that it’s shape and style acquire the ability to move one.”

What aspect of Japan’s cultural activities is examined in a Source H?

(A) Ikebana

(B) Bonsai

(C) Origami

(D) Noh

Answer 23

B

Question 24

Consider the following statements and select the correct option.

I Samurai Warriors followed the Bushido code, based on honour, loyalty and discipline.

II The wives of Samurai Warriors had to take on some of the Code of the Samurai and learn to defend themselves.

(A) Both statements are correct.

(B) Both statements are incorrect

(C) Statement I is correct and statement II is incorrect.

(D) Statement II is correct and statement I is incorrect.

Answer 24

C

Question 25

What was Sakoku, introduced by the Shogun Iemitsu in 1633?

(A) A policy for communities to plant trees on common land

(B) A policy to establish relationships with Asian relatives

(C) A policy of isolation to limit Western influence

(D) A policy to allow the spread of Christianity

Answer 25

C

Question 26

Which event was pivotal in Japan ending its isolation after 200 years?

(A) The breakdown of the Samurai way of life

(B) The forced resignation of the Tokugawa Shogun

(C) The moving of the Imperial Court from Kyoto to Edo

(D) The arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry at Edo Bay

Answer 26

D

Question 27

What is Shintoism?

Answer 27

Shinto (神道 Shintō ?), also called kami-no-michi, [note 1] is a Japanese religion. It focuses on ritual practices to be carried out diligently, to establish a connection between present-day Japan and its ancient past.

Question 28

What is the ancient temple ritual of sumo?

Answer 28

Sumo (相撲 sumō?) or sumo wrestling is a competitive full-contact wrestling sport where a rikishi (wrestler) attempts to force another wrestler out of a circular ring (dohyō) or into touching the ground with anything other than the soles of his feet. The characters, 相撲 literally mean “striking one another”.

It originated from the Shinto religion.

Question 29

What invasion in 1281 was brought to an end by a typhoon the Japanese named Kamikaze, which they believed had been sent by the Gods?

Answer 29

Mongol Invasion

Question 30

Source I

An extract from Onna daigaku, by the Japanese scholar Kaibara Ekiken (1634–1714).

A woman has no particular lord. She must look to her husband as her lord, and must serve him with all worship and reverence, not despising or thinking lightly of him. The great lifelong duty of a woman is obedience… When her husband issues his instruction, his wife must never disobey him.

What does Source I reveal about the traditional status of woman in medieval Japan?

Answer 30

Women are of a lower class to men and must obey them no matter what.

Question 31

What change to political power in Japan occurred in 1867?

Answer 31

The Meiji Restoration (明治維新 Meiji Ishin?), also known as the Meiji Ishin, Renovation, Revolution, Reform, or Renewal, was a chain of events that restored practical imperial rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji. Although there were Emperors before the Meiji Restoration, the events restored practical abilities and consolidated the political system under the Emperor of Japan.

Question 32

Outline THREE ways in which Western influence led to the decline of the Shogunate.

Answer 32

Western weapons such as muskets
Military structure
Coal power
Trains
Infrastructure
Education
Communications
Western trade
Treaties with the US

(Elaborate and talk about how it declined the rule of the Shogunate)

Question 33

What questions are missing from the past paper?

Answer 33

26 and 27