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Engineering > Thermoplastic Polymers > Flashcards

Thermoplastic Polymers Flashcards

1
Q

Forms of polypropylene

A
  • Moulded or extruded
  • Spun into fibres
  • Sheets
  • Rods
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2
Q

What does PP stand for?

A

Polypropylene / polypropene

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3
Q

Properties of polypropene

A
  • High tensile strength
  • Tough
  • Easily coloured
  • Flexible
  • Very low density
  • Can be produced as a fibre
  • High melting point
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4
Q

Uses of PP

A
  • Ropes and slings
  • Plastic chairs
  • Kitchen utensils
  • Items of medical equipment
  • Electronic components
  • Casings
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5
Q

Forms of supply of ABS

A

Sheets
Rods
Tubes

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6
Q

What does ABS stand for?

A

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene

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7
Q

Properties of Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene

A
  • Strong, high toughness and rigid
  • Resistant to physical impacts
  • Resistant to chemical damage, precipitation and solar radiation
  • Stable
  • Low melting point
  • Easily shaped and sanded
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8
Q

Uses of ABS (Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene)

A
  • Plastic children’s toys
  • Plastic boxes and containers
  • Kitchen utensils
  • Pipe systems
  • Golf club heads
  • Automotive bumper bars
  • Injection moulding
  • 3D printing
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9
Q

Appearance of ABS

A

Glossy

- Originally white but pigments can add colour

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10
Q

Properties of HIPS High-impact polystyrene

A
  • High-impact strength
  • Food-safe but toxic when burned
  • Tough and rigid with good dimensional stability
  • Good machinability and mouldability (remoulded without weakening)
  • -> cut and vacuum formed easily
  • Easy to glue, print and paint
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11
Q

Appearance of HIPS

A

Available in many colours

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12
Q

What is high-impact polystyrene used for?

A
  • Household appliance components eg toilet seats, bathroom cabinets
  • Children’s toys
  • Drinking cups
  • Yoghurt pots
  • CD cases
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13
Q

What is PMMA?

A

Acrylic, eg Perspex™

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14
Q

Properties of PMMA

A
  • Strong, rigid, and very good impact resistance (better than glass)
  • Tough and durable
  • Easily heat-formed (to be pliable) without losing optical clarity
  • Resistant to weather and sunlight
  • Liable to attack by chemical solvents
  • Can be cut, folded and polished well
  • Subject to stress cracking
  • does not shatter; breaks into large pieces
  • Combustible
  • Easily scratched
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15
Q

Appearance of PMMA/Acrylic

A
  • High light transmittance
  • -> comes translucent (eg smoked), transparent, or opaque
  • Available in a variety of colours
  • Shiny
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16
Q

Applications of acrylic

A
  • Protective guards on workshop machinery
  • Outdoor signs and corrugated roofing sheets
  • Lenses
  • General glass replacement eg aircraft windows and light fittings eg car lights
  • Furniture
17
Q

What does PVC stand for?

A

Polyvinyl chloride

18
Q

Forms of supply of PVC

A
  • Comes as either rigid or flexible
  • Matt or high gloss
  • Can be extruded or in flat sheets
19
Q

Properties of polyvinyl chloride

A
  • Very dense
  • Good solvent resistance
  • Brittle but durable
  • Can be weled or bonded with an adhesive
20
Q

Common uses of PVC polyvinyl chloride

A 
- 3D printing and injection moulding
When made in hard condition:
- Building materials eg water piping, guttering, window frames
- Medical devices
When made in soft condition:
- Insulative coating on electrical wires
- Clothing eg raincoats
- Upholstery
21
Q

What does PTFE stand for?

A

Polytetrafluoroethylene

22
Q

Properties of PTFE

A
  • Highly flexible
  • Tough
  • High chemical solvent resistance (inert)
  • Thermal resistance and stability
  • Non-stick; low-friction surface
23
Q

Where is polytetrefluoroethylene used?

A
  • Non-stick coatings for cookware and kitchen utensils
  • Bearings, seals and gaskets
  • Containers and pipes
  • Lubricant
  • Cable insulation
24
Q

Chemical name for nylon

A

Polyamide

25
Q

Polyamide: alternative name

A

Nylon

26
Q

Example forms of supply of polyamide

A
  • Fibres
  • Filaments
  • Bristles
  • Sheets and rods
27
Q

Properties of polyamide

A
  • Very strong, tough, durable and flexible
  • Good solvent/corrosion resistance
  • Resistant to extreme temperatures
  • Deteriorates with exposure to outdoor conditions (poor sunlight resistance)
  • Self-lubricates (oily nature) as it wears down, so good for moving parts
  • Absorbs water (inc from air)
  • Good insulator
28
Q

Uses of nylon

A
  • Gears and bearings that don’t need lubrication
  • Screws
  • Parachutes and life vests
  • Clothing and textiles
  • Ropes for docking boats
29
Q

What does HDPE/LDPE stand for?

A

LD/HD Polyethylene

30
Q

Properties of low-density polyethylene

A
  • Very flexible

- Tough

31
Q

Common properties of LDPE and HDPE

A
  • Can be moulded into almost any form due to their excellent moulding qualities.
  • -> ease of processing and forming
  • Good solvent resistance
  • Degrades if exposed to sunlight/UV radiation
32
Q

Uses of LDPE

A
  • Packaging eg grocery bags
  • Cable and wire insulation
  • Pipes and tubes
  • Flexible squeeze containers
33
Q

Properties of HDPE

A
  • Lightweight
  • Flexible
    Similar to LDPE but
  • Harder, stiffer, stronger
  • Withstands higher temperatures so can be sterilised
34
Q

Uses of HDPE

A
  • Food containers and tubs
  • Items of medical equipment
  • Washing baskets (resists weather)
  • Furniture eg chairs
35
Q

Example forms of supply of polycarbonates

A

Sheets

Tubes

36
Q

General properties of polycarbonates

A
  • Strong, tough and hard
  • Good insulator; Thermal resistance; flame retardant
  • High dimensional stability and impact resistance
  • High compatibility with other polymers
  • Limited chemical and scratch resistance
  • Tends to yellow over time due to UV light
  • Low weight
37
Q

Manufacturing properties of polycarbonates

A
  • Machines well
  • Can be solvent bonded and welded tough to resist damage
    Main transformation technique: extrusion
  • Good for manufacturing into other shapes
    Secondary fabricating techniques: bending and drilling
38
Q

Uses for polycarbonates

A
  • Mobile phones (impact resistant if dropped)
  • Electrical chargers and household appliances to insulate circuits
  • Battery boxes
  • Construction: eg glazing
  • CDs, discs
  • Bullet-proof windows (when thick)

Engineering (5 decks)

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