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Thermodynamics > Thermodynamics midterm > Flashcards

Thermodynamics midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Generator

A

Electricity is generated by a shaft turning inside a generator. Coils of wire rotate inside a
magnetic field creating an electric field. This causes the electrons to flow in the wire creating a
current.

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2
Q

What is a turbine

A

Blades are connected to a rotor shaft and are propelled by the force of steam

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3
Q

What is a Boiler

A

A heat source that boils water into steam

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4
Q

James Prescott Joule

A

Determined the relationship between heat and work
Worked with lord kelvin to establish absoulute temperature scale
Joules Law: Heat produced by current flowing through a resistor
On his Gravestone: The number 772.55 is enscribed

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5
Q

What is the 1st Law of Thermodynamics

A

Energy cannont be created or destroyed, but it can be transferred from one form to another. Waste heat is always produced

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6
Q

Triple point

A

Temprature where water ice and steam can all exist 273.16k and 611.2pa

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7
Q

What is the second law of thermodynamics

A

Heat flows from hot to cold

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8
Q

What is the 0th law of thermodynamics

A

If two isolated systems are of equal temperature with a third system the two systems are equal in temperature as well

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9
Q

The state of a system

A

only two independent intensive properties are required to define a system TEMP AND PRESSUR, only for compressible systems

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10
Q

The state pf equilibrium

A

The system contains no driving forces, they experience no changes when theyre isolated from their surroundings

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11
Q

Thermal Equilibrium

A

Two bodies are in thermal equilibrium if they have the same temp

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12
Q

Quasi equilibrium

A

The process goes along a path that keeps it very close to equilibrium at all times. Slow enough to allow the system to adjust itself such that its properties change at the same rate

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13
Q

Thermal Expansion

A

The inceerease of an objects dimenstions as its temp increases

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14
Q

Closed system

A

No mass can cross the boundary but energy can

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15
Q

Isolated

A

Neither mass nor energy can cross the boundary

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16
Q

Intensive properties

A

independent of mass of the system

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17
Q

Extensive properties

A

Depends on size

18
Q

Intensive extensive pairs

A

Thermodynamic variables tht multply to energy PRESSURE AND VOLUME TEMP AND ENTROPY, MOLES AND ENTHAPLY

19
Q

What is Heat

A

The energy transferred between a system and its enviroment becasue of a temperature difference between them. it is path depeneant. The energy of the system will INCREASE if energy is added as heat Q

20
Q

Work

A

The energy transfer associated with a force activing through a distance. Anything besides a temperature difference is work

21
Q

the heat of transformation

A

the amount of energy per unit mass that must be transferred as heat
when a sample undergoes a phase transformation.
● The heat of vaporization - to go from the liquid state to the gas state, or vice-versa.
● The heat of fusion - to go from the liquid state to the solid-state, or vice-versa.
● Note: temperature vs. time graph of a liquid, the phase occurs at the substance’s
boiling/melting point, at this temperature will be flat.

22
Q

Ludwig Boltzmann

A

● Created relationship between engineering and statistics.
● Hung himself after his work was not recognized
● Stated that at a given temp all ideal gas molecules have the same Kavg regardless of mass

23
Q

Internal energy U

A

The sum of all microscopic forms of energy. (sensible latent chemical nuclear) Internal energy is a function of temp only (james joule)

24
Q

Isothermal process

A

Constant temp

25
Q

Isobaric Process

A

Constant pressure

26
Q

Isochloric process

A

Constant volume

27
Q

Adiabatic Process

A

There’s the transfer of heat between he system and its surrounding

28
Q

Free exoansion

A

Expanding has meetes no pressure p=0 causing internal energy to be 0

29
Q

Volume expansion

A

The system does work (+) the internal energy of the system decreases

30
Q

Volume Contraction

A

Work is done on the system(-) the internal energy of the system increases

31
Q

Cycle

A

System that returns tot he original state. Properties of the system will always be 0 in a cycle

32
Q

Gases

A

gas atoms fill the volume of their container, atoms exert pressure on the container walls, and
the temperature results from the kinetic energy of the atoms. Atoms move faster with high
temperatures.
● Real gases act ideally at low densities (low pressure and high temperature).
● The speed of sound in a gas - sound waves cannot move faster than the average speed of the
molecules

33
Q

Kinetic Energy of Gases

A

The kinetic energy of gas soley depends on TEMP all ideal gases have the same Kinectic Energy at the same temperature

34
Q

Mean Free Path

A

Average distance traversed by a molecule between collisions. As the number of
atoms goes up; the mean free path decreases. As the number of atoms decreases; the mean free path
increases. As a result the more altitude you have, the larger the mean free path is

35
Q

Mono Atomic, Diatomic, Polyatomic

A

Mono- Single element gas
Di- dual element gas
poly- 3 or more element gas

36
Q

Enthalpy

A

Internal energy change + Volume expansion work defined by H

37
Q

Reversible Process

A

Internal energy is equal to0 entropy is constant

38
Q

Entropy

A

Measure of the total disorder of a system total entropy of irreversible process( system + surroundings) is always greater than or equal to 0 (second law) Defined by S

39
Q

Engines

A

Devices that extract energy from the enviormenta in the form of heat and produce work from it

40
Q

Sadi Carnot

A

Invented the ideal engine AKA the Carnot Cycle
● Carnot engine has the MAX efficiency (weird lookin “n”)
● All reversible engines workiing between the same two thermal
reservoirs have the same efficiency
● Died of Collara

41
Q

Refrugerators

A

Reverse heat engineer that adds work to system to make it flow from cold to hot, Coefficient of performance is K or COP

Thermodynamics (1 decks)

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