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THERMODYNAMICS Flashcards

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1
Q

what is initial point of Celsius scale

A

0 degree

Example: Freezing point of water

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2
Q

molar specific heat capacity for isobaric process

A

Cp

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3
Q

what is thermodynamics

A

conversion of heat energy into other forms of energy

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4
Q

the internal energy of ideal diatomic or polyatomic gas is equal to

A

translational kinetic energy + rotational kinetic energy + vibrational kinetic energy + potential energy

Formula: U = K.E trans + K.E rot. + K.E vib. + P.E

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5
Q

1st law of thermodynamics is another form of

A

law of conservation of energy

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6
Q

no. of divisions in celcius scale

A

100

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7
Q

example of isothermal process

A

boiling of water once it reaches 100 degree celcius

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8
Q

temperature scale tables

A

rows: initial point, final point, divisions
columns: C, F, K

Draw it

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9
Q

does adiabatic process obey Boyle’s law

A

no

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10
Q

change in internal energy does not depend upon

A

path followed

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11
Q

in isothermal process, △T is

A

zero

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12
Q

example of isochoric process

A

pressure cooker

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13
Q

what is thermodynamic system

A

the set of particles having certain values of pressure, volume and temperature

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14
Q

molar specific heat capacity for isochoric process

A

Cv

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15
Q

molar specific heat capacity C for isothermal process

A

infinity

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16
Q

what is isobaric process

A

it is a process in which pressure remains constant

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17
Q

no. of divisions in kelvin scale

A

100

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18
Q

value of γ(gamma) for monoatomic gas is

A

1.69

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19
Q

value of molar specific heat capacity C for adiabatic process

A

zero

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20
Q

PV graph for adiabatic process is

A

steep curve

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21
Q

what is final point of celcius scale

A

100 degree

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22
Q

when will the work done be positive

A

when done by system

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23
Q

PVγ is constant for

A

adiabatic process

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24
Q

according to indicator diagram for expansion, which process does most work

A

isobaric

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25
Q

work done in isochoric process is

A

zero

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26
Q

Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) is likely to break at

A

high pressure, low temperature

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27
Q

final point of fahrenheit scale

A

212 degree

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28
Q

order of work done by each process for compression is

A

adiabatic > isothermal > isobaric

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29
Q

in adiabatic process, △Q is

A

zero

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30
Q

what is temperature

A

the degree of hotness or coldness of a body

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31
Q

when will be the change in heat supplied be positive

A

when heat is absorbed

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32
Q

formula for internal energy of gases

A

U = K.E trans + K.E rot. + K.E vib. + P.E

Formula: U = K.E trans + K.E rot. + K.E vib. + P.E

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33
Q

for isothermal process, △Q is equal to

A

W

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34
Q

according to indicator diagram for compression, which process does most work

A

adiabatic

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35
Q

the internal energy of monoatomic gas is equal to

A

translational kinetic energy

Formula: U = K.E trans

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36
Q

when will the work done be negative

A

when done on system

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37
Q

The 1st law of thermodynamics states that

A

heat supplied to a system is always equal to the change in internal energy plus the work done on the surroundings

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38
Q

in isothermal process, which values remain constant

A

temperature and internal energy

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39
Q

what is the initial point of temperature scales

A

freezing point of water

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40
Q

what is adiabatic process

A

the process in which no heat enters or leaves the system

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41
Q

what is thermodynamic process

A

any change in pressure, temperature and volume

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42
Q

what is isothermal process

A

the process in which temperature remains constant

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43
Q

PV graph for isochoric process is

A

straight line parallel to y-axis

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44
Q

what is state function

A

values that only depend on initial and final points, not the path followed

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45
Q

initial point of kelvin scale

A

273

46
Q

example of adiabatic process

A

sound propagation
cloud formation
rapid escape of air from burst tyre
shaking of hot air in thermoflask

47
Q

PV graph for isobaric process is

A

straight line parallel to x-axis

48
Q

formula for first law of thermodynamics

A

△Q = △U + W

Formula: △Q = △U + W

49
Q

1st law of thermodynamics for isobaric process

A

△Qp = △U + W

50
Q

no. of divisions in fahrenheit scale

A

180

51
Q

area under PV-graph gives value of

A

work done

52
Q

which of the following is smallest? 1C, 1F, 1K

A

1F

53
Q

according to indicator diagram for expansion, which process does least work

A

adiabatic

54
Q

in thermodynamic cyclic process, change in internal energy is

A

zero

55
Q

when will the change in internal energy be negative

A

when energy decreases

56
Q

in adiabatic process, W is equal to

A

-△U

57
Q

what is isochoric process

A

it is a process in which volume remains constant

58
Q

final point of kelvin scale

A

373

59
Q

what is final point of temperature scales

A

boiling point of water

60
Q

which of the following is lowest? 1C, 1F, 1K

A

1K

61
Q

what is internal energy?

A

the sum of all types of energies possessed by gas molecules

62
Q

write the 7 state functions

A

pressure
temperature
volume
internal energy
enthalpy
entropy
Gibbs free energy

63
Q

when will the change in internal energy be positive

A

when energy increases

64
Q

when will the change in heat supplied be negative

A

when heat is released

65
Q

internal energy is __________ function

A

state

66
Q

what is isolated system

A

a system in which both mass and heat cannot be exchanged with the surroundings

67
Q

relation of Cp and Cv is

A

Cp - Cv = R

68
Q

the PV graph of isothermal process is

A

a curve

69
Q

what is close system

A

a system in which mass cannot be exchanged but heat can

70
Q

What is enthalpy?

A

Enthalpy is a state function.

State

71
Q

What is entropy?

A

Entropy is a state function.

State

72
Q

What is Gibbs free energy?

A

Gibbs free energy is a state function.

State

73
Q

When will the change in internal energy be positive?

A

When energy increases.

When energy increases

74
Q

When will the change in heat supplied be negative?

A

When heat is released.

When heat is released

75
Q

Internal energy is a ______ function.

A

Internal energy is a state function.

State

76
Q

What is an isolated system?

A

A system in which both mass and heat cannot be exchanged with the surroundings.

A system in which both mass and heat cannot be exchanged with the surroundings

77
Q

What is the relation of Cp and Cv?

A

Cp - Cv = R.

Cp - Cv = R

78
Q

The PV graph of an isothermal process is what shape?

A

The PV graph of an isothermal process is a curve.

A curve

79
Q

What is a closed system?

A

A system in which mass cannot be exchanged but heat can be exchanged with the surroundings.

A system in which mass cannot be exchanged but heat can be exchanged with the surroundings

80
Q

Give an example of an isobaric process.

A

Cooking of food with an open lid.

Cooking of food with an open lid

81
Q

How is internal energy a state function?

A

Because it only depends upon the initial and final values, regardless of the path taken.

Because it only depends upon the initial and final values, regardless of the path taken

82
Q

What is an open system?

A

A system in which both mass and heat can be exchanged with the surroundings.

A system in which both mass and heat can be exchanged with the surroundings

83
Q

What is the value of γ for a polyatomic gas?

A

1.29.

1.29

84
Q

What is the 1st law of thermodynamics for an isochoric process?

A

ΔQ = ΔU.

ΔQ = ΔU

85
Q

What law does an isothermal process obey?

A

Boyle’s law.

Boyle’s law

86
Q

What is the order of work done by each process for expansion?

A

Isobaric > Isothermal > Adiabatic.

Isobaric > Isothermal > Adiabatic

87
Q

What is the formula for temperature conversions?

A

Scale-initial point/divisions = scale-initial point/divisions.

Scale-initial point/divisions = scale-initial point/divisions

88
Q

What is the value of γ for a diatomic gas?

A

1.40.

1.40

89
Q

In an isothermal process, what is ΔU?

A

Zero.

Zero

90
Q

What is a state function also known as?

A

State variable.

State variable

91
Q

Which temperature scale is most sensitive?

A

Fahrenheit.

F

92
Q

At which temperature do Celsius and Fahrenheit become equal?

A

40 degrees.

40 degrees

93
Q

What is the initial point of the Fahrenheit scale?

A

32

94
Q

According to the indicator diagram for compression, which process does the least work?

A

Isobaric.

Isobaric

95
Q

What is the formula for γ (gamma)?

A

Cp/Cv.

Cp/Cv

96
Q

What is the work done of a thermodynamic cyclic process?

A

Not zero.

Not zero

97
Q

In an isothermal process, what is PV?

A

Constant.

Constant

98
Q

for an ideal gas, the potential energy of gas molecules is

A

zero

98
Q

which law gives concept of temperature?

A

zeroth law of thermodynamics

98
Q

what is the unit for specific heat capacity?

A

J / K kg

98
Q

a point on PV diagram represents

A

state or condition of the system

99
Q

the relation between work and heat of a system is

A

direct

100
Q

out of solid, liquid and gas of same mass and at same temperature, which one has highest internal energy?

A

gas

101
Q

in isothermal expansion, the pressure is determined by

A

compressibility only

102
Q

a thermodynamic system is changed from state (P1V1) to (P2V2) by two different processes. the quantity which will remain same will be

A

△Q - △H

102
Q

the area under a PV diagram represents

A

work done on or by the system

103
Q

the curve which represents an isothermal process is called

A

isotherm

104
Q

why is water used as a coolant in automobiles?

A

because it has a high heat capacity

105
Q

when two bodies are said to be in thermal equilibrium, the net heat exchange between them is

A

zero

106
Q

heat is not being exchanged with a body. if its internal energy is increased then the temperature will

A

increase

107
Q

a curve drawn between two points on PV diagram represents

A

a thermodynamic process

PHYSICS (6 decks)

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