Thermodynamics: 16.1-16.6

Question 1

First law of thermodynamics

Answer 1

version of the law of conservation of energy; change in internal energy equals the amount of heat supplied to the system, minus the amount of work done by the system on its surroundings

Question 2

Questions answered by the first law of thermodynamics

Answer 2

How much energy is involved in the change? Does energy flow into or out of the system? What form does the energy finally assume?

Question 3

Question not answered by the first law of thermodynamics

Answer 3

Why does a particular process occur in a given direction?

Question 4

Spontaneous process

Answer 4

time-evolution of a system in which it releases free energy (usually as heat) and moves to a lower, more thermodynamically stable energy state

Question 5

Thermodynamics can show _____ but not ______

Answer 5

direction, speed

Question 6

Factors that determine rate of reaction

Answer 6

activation energy, temperature, concentration, and catalysts

Question 7

Chemical kinetics

Answer 7

The study and discussion of chemical reactions with respect to reaction rates, effect of various variables, re-arrangement of atoms, and formation of intermediates.

Question 8

Thermodynamics

Answer 8

Branch of physics concerned with heat and temperature and their relation to energy and work

Question 9

What is the driving force of spontaneous processes?

Answer 9

the increase in entropy of the universe

Question 10

entropy

Answer 10

a measure of the number of specific ways in which a thermodynamic system may be arranged

Question 11

Second law of thermodynamics

Answer 11

In a spontaneous process, there is an increase in the sum of the entropies of the participating systems.

Question 12

Is entropy conserved in the universe?

Answer 12

No, it’s increasing according to the 2nd law of thermodynamics