Thermodynamics

Question 1

Limitations of the Newtonian Model

Answer 1

only model of physics at the time (1900s, late 1800s) (new models of physics didnt fit)
concept of field
idea of evolution
emergence of thermodynamics

Question 2

What are the four laws of thermodynamics?

Answer 2

Zeroth Law, First Law, Second Law, Third Law

Question 3

What is the zeroth law?

Answer 3

the transitive property exists!
if A is in thermal equilibrium with B and B is in thermal equilibrium with C, then A is in thermal equilibrium with C
(A=B, B=C, A=C)

Question 4

What is the first law?

Answer 4

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed
or Energy / Heat can transfer

Question 5

What is the alternate first law?

Answer 5

If efficiency is defined as:
Efficiency=Energy Out/Energy In
…then every machine is 100%

Question 6

What is the second law?

Answer 6

the entropy of a closed system can only increase

Question 7

What is entropy?

Answer 7

entropy: chaos, heat/energy wants to spread out!!
The entropy of a source of energy is inversely related to its quality

Question 8

What is Carnot Efficiency?

Answer 8

n = (Th - Tc)/Th
difference of temperatures
Heat and energy always wants to spread out!

Question 9

What is important about the second law?

Answer 9

we need a DIFFERENCE in temperature to do WORK
having a larger difference of temperature, carnot efficiency increase = more work

Question 10

What is the third law?

Answer 10

As the temperature approaches absolute zero, the entropy of a system in equilibrium goes to zero.

Question 11

What is a watt?

Answer 11

1 joules/second

Question 12

What is one kilowatt-hour (kW-h) equivilant to?

Answer 12

3.6 MJ

Question 13

How much energy would it take to get you to the top of grouse mountain?

Answer 13

1 MJ

Question 14

What is the available energy of a energy source?

Answer 14

the amount that can be converted to mechanical work
W < QH (TH –TC)/TH