Thermodynamics

Question 1

spontaneity is determined by…

Answer 1

comparing the free energy of the system before the reaction with the free energy of the system after reaction

Question 2

the most likely macrostate of a system is the one with…

Answer 2

the greatest entropy

Question 3

entropy change is favorable when…

Answer 3

the result is a more random system

Question 4

deltaS =

Answer 4

S_f - S_i

Question 5

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 5

the entropy of the universe increases in a spontaneous process and remains unchanged in an equilibrium process

Question 6

deltaS_univ =

Answer 6

deltaS_sys + deltaS_surr

Question 7

in terms of S

exothermic process

Answer 7

deltaS_surr > 0

Question 8

in terms of S

endothermic process

Answer 8

deltaS_surr < 0

Question 9

deltaS_surr =

Answer 9

-deltaH/T

Question 10

deltaS_fusion =

Answer 10

deltaH_fusion/T_f`

Question 11

deltaG =

Answer 11

deltaH_sys - T(deltaS_sys)

Question 12

spontaneous process

Answer 12

deltaS_univ = deltaS_sys + deltaS_surr > 0

Question 13

equilibrium process

Answer 13

deltaS_univ = delta S_sys + deltaS_surr = 0

Question 14

if deltaG < 0

Answer 14

the reaction is spontaneous in the forward direction

Question 15

if deltaG > 0

Answer 15

the reaction is nonspontaneous as written

Question 16

if deltaG = 0

Answer 16

the reaction is at equilibrium

Question 17

if H is negative and S is positive

Answer 17

spontaneous at all temps

Question 18

if H is positive and S is positive

Answer 18

spontaneous at high temps

Question 19

if H is negative and S is negative

Answer 19

spontaneous at low temps

Question 20

if H is positive and S is negative

Answer 20

not spontaneous at any temp

Question 21

absolute entropy

Answer 21

the amount of energy a substance has due to dispersion of energy through its particles

Question 22

Third Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 22

for a perfect crystal at absolute zero, the absolute entropy = 0 J/(mol)(K)

Question 23

the larger the molar mass…

Answer 23

the larger the entropy

Question 24

deltaG*_reaction =

Answer 24

sum[ndeltaG_f(products)] - sum[ndeltaG_f(reactants)]

Question 25

deltaG*_total =

Answer 25

deltaG_reaction 1 + deltaG_reaction 2 + …

Question 26

the free energy of formation (delta G_f*) is the…

Answer 26

change in free energy when 1 mol of a compound forms from its constituent elements in their standard states

Question 27

deltaG =

Answer 27

deltaG* + RTln(Q)

Question 28

deltaG* =

Answer 28

-RTln(K)

Question 29

w_gas =

Answer 29

-P_ext(deltaV)

Question 30

1 L(atm) =

Answer 30

101.325 J