Thermodynamics Flashcards
What is the study of thermodynamics about?
Thermodynamics is the study of energy and its interconversion into other different form of energy in chemical reactions and physical processes.
What does the first law of thermodynamic state?
The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can be converted from one form to another and the total amount of energy in a given isolated system remains constant.
What are systems?
A specified part of the universe which is under observation
What are surroundings?
The remaining portion of the universe which is not a part of the system
What is the system in chemical reactions?
In a chemical reaction the system is generally the reactants plus products and any solvent
What is an open system
A system which can exchange matter as well as energy with the surroundings across the boundary is called an open system
What is a Closed system
A system which can exchange energy but not mass (matter) with its surroundings is called a closed system
What is an isolated system?
A system which can exchange neither energy nor mass (matter) with the surroundings is called an isolated system
What is the energy of a chemical system?
The energy of a chemical system is the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of the particles in the system.
What is chemical potential energy associated with?
These chemical potential energies may be associated with relatively strong chemical bonds between atoms in molecules, or with (weaker) intermolecular forces which hold molecules together in the liquid and solid states.
Potential energy is —— as particles move closer together
Potential energy is RELEASED as particles move closer together
—— and —– must be put in to move particles apart from each other, so they —— potential energy
ENERGY and WORK must be put in to move particles apart from each other, so they GAIN potential energy
