Thermochemistry Flashcards
Transition metals
Elements that form ions with at least 1 partially filled d subshell
factors of atomic radius
size of nuclear charge
Distance of outer electrons
Shielding effect of inner electrons
electronegativity
The measure of how strongly an atom attracts a bonding pair of electrons in a covalent bond
factors of electronegativity
nuclear charge
distance of electrons from the nucleus
amount of shielding by inner shells of electrons
ground state
when the electrons of an atom have all been placed in the lowest energy orbital available, the atom is in its ground state electronic configuration
atomic orbital
a region of space around the nucleus of an atom which can be occupied by one or two electrons
dative bond
occurs when one atom donates both electrons to form a single covalent bond
shapes of molecules already known
Linear, Bent, Trigonal planar, trigonal pyramid, tetrahedral
Shapes of molecules new
T, See-saw, trigonal bipyramid, square planar, square pyramid, octahedral
electronegativity scale mnemonic
“Silver Bells Play Hip-hop Chimes.
Singers In Brown Neckties Chant Over Fruitcakes”
Si, B, P, H, C, S, I, Br, N, Cl, O, F
Metallic Bond
an electrostatic (positive to negative) attraction between the metal ions and delocalised electrons
Ionic bond
an electrostatic attraction between cations and anions (oppositely charged ions)
Thermal capacity
amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature by one degree
Hess’s Law
The energy change (heat given out or absorbed) during a chemical reaction is independent of the route (pathway) taken
1st Law of thermodynamics
during a chemical change energy is converted from one form to another; it cannot be created or destroyed
