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Chem 30: Thermochemistry > Thermochem vocab > Flashcards

Thermochem vocab Flashcards

Diploma prep

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1
Q

Manipulated variable

A

The variable that is changed in the experiment

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2
Q

Responding variable

A

The variable that responds to the change in the experiment and you observe the effect of the change on.

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3
Q

Constant variable

A

The variable that is kept the same in each trial so you can observe the effect of what you change on a different variable.

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4
Q

Empirical Evidence

A

Data that is collected through observation or measurement like colour, volume, mass, etc.

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5
Q

Chemical reactions

A

Energy changes that are usually greater than those associated with physical changes, but less than those associated with nuclear changes

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6
Q

Physical changes

A

Changes that involve the breaking/ forming of intermolecular forces like boiling point, melting point, etc

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7
Q

Intermolecular forces

A

London dispersion, Dipole-Dipole, Hydrogen Bonding

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8
Q

Chemical changes

A

Changes that involve the breaking/forming of ionic and covalent bonds such as combustion reactions, formation reactions, etc

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9
Q

Intramolecular forces

A

Ionic and covalent bonds

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10
Q

Nuclear change

A

Changes that involve increasing/decreasing the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, such as fission/fusion reactions

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11
Q

Changes of state

A

Involves the breaking/forming of intermolecular forces, so this is a physical change

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12
Q

Is dissolving a physical or chemical change?

A

Physical change

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13
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

Energy associated with movement. According to the Kinetic Molecular Theory, particles are always in constant and random motion. Therefore, temperature changes impact the motion of particles and the overall kinetic energy of the system.

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14
Q

Potential Energy

A

Associated with the position of object/particles or the energy stored in chemical bonds. Potential energy changes when bonds are broken/formed

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15
Q

Kinetic Molecular Theory

A

All matter is made up of particles that are in constant rapid and random motion.

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16
Q

Vibrational Motion

A

The oscillation of a particle like we see in solids

17
Q

Rotational motion

A

The spinning or turning of a particle

18
Q

Translational motion

A

The motion of a particle in a straight line

19
Q

What type of motion do liquids have?

A

Vibrational and rotational motion, there can also be slight translational motion if its kinetic energy increases

20
Q

What type of motion do gases have?

A

Vibrational, rotational, and translational

21
Q

When is there no phase change involved?

A

When kinetic energy increases or decrease for solids, liquids, and gases

22
Q

Thermal Energy

A

The total kinetic energy of particles in a substance

23
Q

Temperature

A

A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance

24
Q

What do changes in temperature indicate?

A

Changes in kinetic energy

25
Q

Heat (Q)

A

It is the spontaneous transfer of thermal energy from a warmer substance to a cooler substance that occurs through collisions

26
Q

Thermal Equilibrium

A

The average kinetic energy of two substances is the same, so the temperature of both the substance and the surroundings is the same

27
Q

Objects process thermal energy but cannot possess…

A

Heat

28
Q

What happens to the average kinetic energy when water is boiled?

A

Stays the same

29
Q

What happens to the poetical energy of water when it is boiled?

A

Increases

30
Q

Exothermic

A

A reaction that releases heat into the surroundings, which increases the temperature of the solution

31
Q

Endothermic

A

A reaction that absorbs heat from the surroundings, so it decreases the temperature of the solution

32
Q

What unit is enthalpy communicated in?

A

kJ

33
Q

Hess’s Law

A

The enthalpy change of the overall process is the sum of its individual steps.

34
Q

Thermal stability

A

The ability of a substance to resist decomposition when heated.

Chem 30: Thermochemistry (2 decks)

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