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Modalities > Thermo Cryo Modalities > Flashcards

Thermo Cryo Modalities Flashcards

1
Q

The amount of heat energy within a substance depends on what three things

A
  1. Speed of particles (kinetic energy)
  2. Number of particles (mass)
  3. Capacity of particles to store heat (specific heat capacity)
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2
Q

amount of heat formula

A

Amount of heat= (mass) x (Temp. final- Temp. initial) x (specific
heat)

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3
Q

optimal temperature for therapeutic tissue heating effect

A

104-113 degrees F

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4
Q

Temperature of human tissues at baseline

A

82 to 96 degrees F

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5
Q

Therapeutic window between suboptimal and optimal temperatures

A

97 ro 103 degrees F to 104-113 degrees F

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6
Q

what human tissue conducts heat the least?

A

fat

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7
Q

what human tissue conducts heat the most?

A

muscle

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8
Q

what stores more heat air or water?

A

water

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9
Q

conduction- method of energy exchange and examples

A 
physical contact (2 solid substances)
hot pack
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10
Q

Convection-method of energy exchange and examples

A 
physical contact (gas/fluid against a solid substance)
Free: no external perturbation, forced- external perturbation

Paraffin bath, fluidotherapy, hydrotherapy

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11
Q

Radiation-method of energy exchange and examples

A

air contact between agent and tissue

shortwave diathermy

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12
Q

Evaporation- method of energy exchange and examples

A

Liquid to gaseous state when contact with tissue

Vapo-collant spray

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13
Q

Moist Heat Paraffin Bath Dipping with continuous immersion

A

7-10 dips followed by a continuous immersion of 30 minutes

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14
Q

Moist Heat Paraffin Bath Dipping with wrapping

A

7- 10 dips followed by plastic liner and towel/ cloth mitten over (30 min.)

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15
Q

Moist Heat Paraffin Bath brushing with wrapping

A

7- 10 layers

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16
Q

Hot packs are kept at which temperature

A

158-169 degrees F

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17
Q

Paraffin is kept at what temperature

A

124-129 degrees F

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18
Q

Fluidotherapy is kept at which temperate

A

Fluidotherapy: After turning on and warm up is complete, temperatures range in 110-126°F

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19
Q

Coupling medium of hot packs

A

5-8 layers of toweling. Commercial cloth is equivalent to 2-3 layers.

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20
Q

Coupling medium of paraffin

A

Intact skin (wrap first with sterile gauze if minor cut present- e.g. paper cut)

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21
Q

Coupling medium fluidotherapy

A

None

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22
Q

Application time for a hot pack

A

about 20 minutes

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23
Q

Application time for parrafin

A

about 30 minutes

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24
Q

Application time for fluidotherapy

A

about 30 minutes

25
Q

Screening thermal discrimination 5 point scale with test tubes filled with water at each of these 5 temperatures held for 10-15 seconds with 60 seconds between temperature shift

A

 Very cold (freezer 23-32°F)
 Cold (refrigerator 50-55°F)
 Neutral (room temperature 68-72°F )
 Warm (thermal agent water around 91-95°F)
 Hot (paraffin filled tube around 124-129°F)

26
Q

Scoring for thermal discrimination screening

A

 4-5/5=normal/ slightly impaired (no restriction to use)
 3/5= moderately impaired (be precautious with patient as per sound clinical judgment)
 1-2/5= severely impaired (risk for harm with thermal use)
 0/5= Totally impaired (all thermal & electrophysical agents are contraindicated)

27
Q

Metabolic response to heat (3)

A

vasodilation
increase blood flow and cell metabolism
enhanced soft tissue healing

28
Q

Neuromuscular response to heat (3)

A

decrease gamma motor neuron activity
decrease alpha motor neuron activity
decrease muscle spasms

29
Q

Musculoskeletal response to heat (3)

A

increases viscoelastic properties and decrease joint viscosity
improves muscle flexibility and joint mobility respectively
enhances soft tissue mobility

30
Q

contraindications to heat (6)

A

 Over areas with sensory impairment (unable to sense heat)
 Over cancerous areas
 Over areas with thrombophlebitis
 Pregnancy (over localized areas of pelvis, abdominal, and low back)
 Over areas with acute or severe inflammation
 Confused patients*

31
Q

precautions to heat with localized use (6)

A

 Over areas with impaired blood circulation (patients can’t self cool)
 In patients with severe cardiac insufficiency (do not want to increase fluid load to the heart)
 Over areas with superficial open or closed wounds including grafts and burns
 Over superficial metal implants in human tissue
 In cases of systemic infectious diseases
 Over areas in presence of demyelinated nerves

32
Q

stages of early tissue repair (4)

A

Hemostasis (second-minutes)
Inflammatory (hours/days/weeks)
Proliferative (weeks/months)
Remodeling/Maturation (months/year)

33
Q

Cellular response to cold (5)

A 
reduction of tissue temperature
reduction of cell metabolism
reduction in tissue oxygen requirement
reduces secondary tissue damage
decrease free proteins = decrease edema
34
Q

metabolic response to cold (3)

A

depolarization of sympathetic adrenergic nerve fibers
norepinephrine causes smooth muscles to contract in blood vessels
vasocontriction

35
Q

Neurological response to cold (4)

A

cold stimulus competes with pain stimulus
decrease localized pain substances (histamine and prostaglandin)
decrease nerve conduction velocity of pain nerve fibers
decrease gamma motor neuron= decrease muscle spasm/tone

36
Q

optimal tissue temperature for cold

A

60 to 50 degrees F

37
Q

Tissue temperature normally

A

82 to 95 degrees F

38
Q

therapeutic window for cold between suboptimal to optimal

A

81 to 61 degrees F to 60 to 50 degrees F

39
Q

Greater adipose tissue leads to a ____ cooling effect

A

diminished

40
Q

cryotherapy ranked strong for (2)

A
  1. Post-operative knee arthroplasty

2. Mixed post-op musculoskeletal conditions

41
Q

cryotherapy ranked moderate for (4)

A
  1. Ankle sprains
  2. Spasticity
  3. Joint/ tendon/ muscle conditions
  4. Arthritic/ Rheumatoid conditions
42
Q

Gel pack temperature

A

23-32 degrees F

43
Q

cubed ice bag temperature

A

32-50 degrees F

44
Q

crushed ice bag temperature

A

32-50 degrees F

45
Q

wetted-ice bag temperature

A

32-50 degrees F

46
Q

ice cup/icicle temperature

A
47
Q

two other cryogents

A

vapocoolant spray, controlled continuous cold unit with compression

48
Q

coupling medium for gel cold packs

A

wet towel layer between cryoagent and skin

49
Q

treatment duration for gel cold pack

A

10-20 minutes

50
Q

treatment duration for ice cup/icicle

A

5-10 minutes

51
Q

treatment duration for controlled cold unit with compression (cryocuff)

A

1-8 hours depending on condition

52
Q

treatment duration for vapocollant

A

3-5 Quick sprays for a second to afraction of a second depending on area followed by 1-2 minute stretching of targeted tissue

53
Q

I-BANA

A 
Intense cold
burning
aching
numbness
analgesia
54
Q

contraindications for cold therapy (7)

A

 Over skin areas where sensation of cold is severely impaired  In patients with cold induced urticaria
 In patients presenting with Raynaud’s disease/ phenomenon  In patients with Cryoglobulinemia (proteins become insoluble at lower temperatures- this can cause protein build up and limit circulation)
 Over open dermal wounds
 Over peripheral vascular disease areas  Patients who are confused*

55
Q

Precautions for cold therapy (10)

A

 Over areas of impaired circulation
 Over thoracic areas in patients with cronopathies
 In hypertensive patients
 In patients with Cardiovascular and Cardiorespiratory disorders
 Over superficial peripheral nerves
 Patients with hemiplegia
 In very young/ old patients
 In Overweight/ Obese patients
 The potential for there to be some loss of Joint Position Sense Awareness immediately after use of cryotherapy over stressed joints
 The effects of compression with a gel pack on underlying tissue

56
Q

what is contrast immersion used for

A

Enhances peripheral blood flow post acute injury. Good for edema control.

57
Q

What temperatures does contrast immersion alternate between

A

Alternate between hot (99-100°F) and cold (41-68°F) water.

58
Q

hot:cold ratio for contrast immersion

A

4:2 constant or variable

59
Q

how many cycles is contrast immersion how long does treatment last for

A

4 cycles

20-30 minutes total

Modalities (3 decks)

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