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Thermodynamics 1 > Thermo 1 Definitions > Flashcards

Thermo 1 Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Thermodynamics

A

The science fo the relationship between heat and mechanical work

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2
Q

Closed System

A

A system in which no mass crosses the system boundary

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3
Q

State postulate

A

In a simple equilibrium, a system can be described by just two properties, thereby fixing the other four.

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4
Q

Simple system

A

Only one chemical component, existing in one physical state

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5
Q

Gauge pressure

A

Pressure above atmospheric pressure

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6
Q

Absolute pressure

A

Pressure measured using zero as a datum

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7
Q

Zeroth Law

A

If A is in equilibrium with both B and C, it follows that both B and C are in equilibrium

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8
Q

Process

A

Transforms a system from one equilibrium to another

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9
Q

Quasi-equilibrium process

A

A process that is very close to equilibrium along a path

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10
Q

Stationary system

A

A system where changes in KE or PE are small

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11
Q

Internal Energy

A

The combination of all microscopic forms of energy in a fluid

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12
Q

Cycle

A

A closed system undergoes a cycle when it passes through a series of events which leaves its final state equal to all aspects of its initial state

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13
Q

Property

A

Characteristics used to describe an object and is independent of path - temperature, pressure, volume, enthalpy, entropy, internal energy, density

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14
Q

Pressure

A

Force per unit area exerted on a boundary

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15
Q

Two-point temperature scale

A

A scale using two reference temperatures - eg celcius

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16
Q

Thermodynamic temperature scale

A

No dependence on the behaviour of a substance - eg kelvin

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17
Q

Path

A

How the system is transformed during a process

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18
Q

Work

A

The product of a force and the distance over which the force is applied

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19
Q

First Law

A

When a closed system is taken through a cycle, the work delivered to the surroundings is equal to the net heat taken from the surroundings

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20
Q

Axiom

A

A statement that cannot be proved, but no cases exist to disprove it.

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21
Q

First Law - corollary 1

A

There exists a property of a closed system such that a change in its value is equal to the difference between the heat supplied and the work done during any change of state

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22
Q

First Law - corollary 2

A

The internal energy of a closed system remains unchanged if the system is isolated from its surroundings

23
Q

First Law - corollary 3

A

A perpetual motion machine of the first kind is impossible - one which produces work without the supply of heat.

24
Q

Equilibrium

A

All driving forces on a system are balanced

25
Q

Intensive properties

A

Properties which have no dependence on the size of a system (temperature, specific volume, density, pressure, etc)

26
Q

Extensive properties

A

Properties that depend on the size of a system (V, m, etc)

27
Q

Non-Flow Energy Equation

A

ΔU=Q+W. Derived from the 1st corollary of the first law.

28
Q

Specific heat capacity

A

The quantity of energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass by one degree at constant volume/pressure.

29
Q

Enthalpy

A

A combination property, comprising internal energy and flow work. H = U+pV

30
Q

Isolated system

A

A system where no mass, heat or work crosses the system boundary

31
Q

Isochoric

A

Constant volume process

32
Q

Isobaric

A

Constant pressure process

33
Q

Isothermal

A

Constant temperature process

34
Q

Isentropic

A

Constant entropy process - no heat transfer from surroundings

35
Q

Isentropic relationship

A

pV^γ = constant

36
Q

Polytropic process

A

pV^n = constant

37
Q

Steady flow process

A

A process with a continuous flow of mass

38
Q

Kelvin-Planck Statement of the Second Law

A

It is impossible for any device that operates on a cycle to receive heat from a single reservoir and produce an amount of work.

39
Q

Clausius Statement of the Second Law

A

It is impossible to construct a device that operates in a cycle and transfers heat from a cooler to a hotter body without work being done on the system by the surroundings.

40
Q

Reservoir

A

A very large heat store whose temperature changes only infinitesimally when heat is added or rejected

41
Q

Source

A

Hot reservoir

42
Q

Sink

A

Cold reservoir

43
Q

Perpetual motion machine of the second kind

A

A cyclic engine connected to one reservoir only and producing work

44
Q

Corollary 1 of the Second Law

A

It is impossible to construct a device that operates in a cycle and transfers heat from a cooler to a hotter body without work being done on the system by the surroundings. (Clausius statement)

45
Q

Reversible

A

A process in which both fluid and surroundings can be restored to their original states

46
Q

Isentropic efficiency

A

The ratio of real-world work to reversible work

47
Q

Corollary 2 of the Second Law

A

It is impossible to construct an engine operating between only two reservoirs which will have a higher efficiency than a reversible engine operating between the same two reservoirs

48
Q

Corollary 3 of the Second Law

A

All reversible engines operating between the same two reservoirs have the same efficiency

49
Q

Clausius Inequality (Corollary 6)

A

cyclic int(dQ/T) <= 0

50
Q

Adiabatic

A

No heat transfer across the system boundary

51
Q

Closed cycle

A

Working gas is recirculated around the engine

52
Q

Open cycle

A

Gas enters and leaves the engine

53
Q

Compression ratio

A

r = Vmax/Vmin

Thermodynamics 1 (1 decks)

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