Thermal Properties Flashcards
What is thermodynamics?
The branch of physics that deals with the relationships between heat and other forms of energy.
What are the four laws of thermodynamics?
- Zeroth Law
- First Law
- Second Law
- Third Law
What does the Zeroth Law of thermodynamics state?
If two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, they are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
What is the First Law of thermodynamics?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
Fill in the blank: The First Law of thermodynamics is also known as the _______.
[Law of Energy Conservation]
What is the Second Law of thermodynamics?
In any energy transfer, the total entropy of a closed system will always increase.
True or False: The Second Law of thermodynamics implies that energy conversions are 100% efficient.
False
What is entropy?
A measure of the disorder or randomness in a system.
What does the Third Law of thermodynamics state?
As the temperature of a system approaches absolute zero, the entropy approaches a minimum value.
Fill in the blank: The unit of heat is _______.
[Joule]
What is a thermodynamic system?
A defined quantity of matter or a region in space chosen for analysis.
What are the three types of thermodynamic systems?
- Open System
- Closed System
- Isolated System
What is an open system?
A system that can exchange both energy and matter with its surroundings.
What is a closed system?
A system that can exchange energy but not matter with its surroundings.
What is an isolated system?
A system that cannot exchange energy or matter with its surroundings.
What is the significance of the Carnot cycle?
It represents the maximum possible efficiency of a heat engine operating between two temperatures.
Fill in the blank: The efficiency of a Carnot engine depends on the _______ of the heat reservoirs.
[Temperatures]
What is a heat engine?
A device that converts heat energy into mechanical work.
What does the term ‘thermal equilibrium’ mean?
A state in which two bodies in contact do not exchange heat energy.
True or False: The concept of thermal equilibrium only applies to systems at the same temperature.
True
What is specific heat capacity?
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one degree Celsius.
Fill in the blank: The formula for calculating heat transfer is Q = mcΔT, where Q is _______.
[heat transferred]
What does the symbol ‘m’ represent in the heat transfer formula?
Mass of the substance.
What is the relationship between heat and temperature in a substance?
Heat is the energy transferred due to temperature differences, affecting the temperature of the substance.
