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AQA A-Level Physics > Thermal Physics > Flashcards

Thermal Physics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is absolute zero?

A

Absolute zero is the lowest possible temperature of a system, where no heat remains and the particles in the system have no kinetic energy.

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2
Q

Absolute zero is the ______ possible ______ of a system, where ______ ______ remains and the particles in the system have no ______ ______.

A

Absolute zero is the (lowest) possible (temperature) of a system, where (no heat) remains and the particles in the system have no (kinetic energy).

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3
Q

What is the Avogadro Constant, Na?

A

Avogadro Constant is the number of particles that make up one mole of any gas.

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4
Q

Avogadro constant is the ______ of ______ that make up ______ ______ of any ______.

A

Avogadro Constant is the (number) of (particles) that make up (one mole) of any (gas).

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5
Q

What is the Boltzmann Constant?

A

Boltzmann Constant is a constant relating the (a)verage (k)inetic (e)nergy of the particles in a gas, to the gas’ (t)emperature.

(Bob Can’t Always Kill Eels Though)

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6
Q

Boltzmann Constant is a constant relating the average ______ _____ of the ______ in a gas, to the gas’ ______.

A

Boltzmann Constant is a constant relating the average (kinetic energy) of the (particles) in a gas, to the gas’ (temperature).

(Bob Can’t Always Kill Eels, Though)

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7
Q

What is Boyle’s Law?

A

Boyle’s Law: the pressure of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its volume when held at constant temperature.

(Bob Likes Pepsi In Vodka at a constant temperature)

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8
Q

Boyle’s Law: the ______ of an ideal gas is ______ proportional to its ______ when held at ______ ______.

A

Boyle’s Law: the (pressure) of an ideal gas is (inversely) proportional to its (volume) when held at (constant temperature).

(Bob Likes Pepsi in Vodka at a constant temperature)

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9
Q

What is Brownian Motion?

A

Brownian Motion is the random motion of particles.

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10
Q

Brownian Motion is the ______ ______ of _______.

A

Brownian Motion is the (random motion) of (particles).

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11
Q

What is Charles’ Law?

A

Charles’ Law: the (v)olume of an ideal gas is (d)irectly proportional to its (a)bsolute (t)emperature when held at constant pressure.

(Charles Loosens Valves Draining A T constant pressure)

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12
Q

Charles’ Law: the ______ of an ideal gas is ______ proportional to its ______ _______ when held at constant pressure.

A

Charles’ Law: the (volume) of an ideal gas is (directly) proportional to its (absolute temperature) when held at constant pressure.

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13
Q

What is an ideal gas?

A

An ideal gas is a gas that meets the ideal gas assumptions.

All the gas laws are based on ideal gases.

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14
Q

What is internal energy?

A

Internal energy is the sum of the randomly distributed kinetic and potential energies of the particles in a given system.

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15
Q

What is the Kelvin Scale?

A

The Kelvin Scale is an absolute temperature scale that starts at absolute zero (0K = -273°C).

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16
Q

What is the Pressure Law?

A

Pressure Law: ​The (p)ressure of an ideal gas is (d)irectly proportional to its (a)bsolute (t)emperature, when the volume is fixed.

(Peter Listens Panic Disco AT fixed volume)

17
Q

Pressure Law: ​The pressure of an ideal gas is ______ proportional to its ______ ______, when the _______ is _______.

A

Pressure Law: ​The pressure of an ideal gas is (directly) proportional to its (absolute temperature), when the (volume) is (fixed).

(Peter Listens Panic Disco AT fixed volume)

18
Q

What is Specific Heat Capacity?

A

Specific Heat Capacity is the amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 Kelvin.

19
Q

Specific Heat Capacity is the amount of ______ required to increase the ______ of ______ of a substance by ______ ______.

A

Specific Heat Capacity is the amount of (energy) required to increase the (temperature) of (1kg) of a substance by (1 Kelvin).

20
Q

What is Specific Latent Heat?

A

Specific Latent Heat is the amount of energy required to change the state of 1kg of a substance without a change of temperature.

21
Q

Specific Latent Heat is the amount of ______ required to change the ______ of ______ of a substance without a change of _______.

A

Specific Latent Heat is the amount of (energy) required to change the (state) of (1kg) of a substance without a change of (temperature).

22
Q

What happens when a substance changes state?

A

​During a state change, the potential energy of the system is changing but the kinetic energy is not.

23
Q

What is the equation for work done in terms of pressure and volume?

A

Work done = pΔV

(Walruses Dance Particularly Vulgarly)

not given in exam

24
Q

Learn how to derive the pressure of an ideal gas

A

Learn how to derive the pressure of an ideal gas

25
Q

What is the equation relating work done, pressure and volume?

A

work done = pΔV

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26
Q

The gas laws are _____, kinetic theory is _____.

A

The gas laws are (empirical), kinetic theory is (theoretical).

27
Q

What are empirical laws?

A

Empirical laws are based on observations and evidence.

They predict what will happen but don’t explain why.

28
Q

What are the assumptions we have to make to derive the pressure of an ideal gas?

A

Assumptions:

Random motion

Attraction - none between the particles

Volume - particles have negligible volume

Elastic collisions - kinetic energy is conserved

Duration of collisions is very short compared to time between them

RAVED

AQA A-Level Physics (14 decks)

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