Thermal Physics Flashcards
What is absolute zero?
Absolute zero is the lowest possible temperature of a system, where no heat remains and the particles in the system have no kinetic energy.
Absolute zero is the ______ possible ______ of a system, where ______ ______ remains and the particles in the system have no ______ ______.
Absolute zero is the (lowest) possible (temperature) of a system, where (no heat) remains and the particles in the system have no (kinetic energy).
What is the Avogadro Constant, Na?
Avogadro Constant is the number of particles that make up one mole of any gas.
Avogadro constant is the ______ of ______ that make up ______ ______ of any ______.
Avogadro Constant is the (number) of (particles) that make up (one mole) of any (gas).
What is the Boltzmann Constant?
Boltzmann Constant is a constant relating the (a)verage (k)inetic (e)nergy of the particles in a gas, to the gas’ (t)emperature.
(Bob Can’t Always Kill Eels Though)
Boltzmann Constant is a constant relating the average ______ _____ of the ______ in a gas, to the gas’ ______.
Boltzmann Constant is a constant relating the average (kinetic energy) of the (particles) in a gas, to the gas’ (temperature).
(Bob Can’t Always Kill Eels, Though)
What is Boyle’s Law?
Boyle’s Law: the pressure of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its volume when held at constant temperature.
(Bob Likes Pepsi In Vodka at a constant temperature)
Boyle’s Law: the ______ of an ideal gas is ______ proportional to its ______ when held at ______ ______.
Boyle’s Law: the (pressure) of an ideal gas is (inversely) proportional to its (volume) when held at (constant temperature).
(Bob Likes Pepsi in Vodka at a constant temperature)
What is Brownian Motion?
Brownian Motion is the random motion of particles.
Brownian Motion is the ______ ______ of _______.
Brownian Motion is the (random motion) of (particles).
What is Charles’ Law?
Charles’ Law: the (v)olume of an ideal gas is (d)irectly proportional to its (a)bsolute (t)emperature when held at constant pressure.
(Charles Loosens Valves Draining A T constant pressure)
Charles’ Law: the ______ of an ideal gas is ______ proportional to its ______ _______ when held at constant pressure.
Charles’ Law: the (volume) of an ideal gas is (directly) proportional to its (absolute temperature) when held at constant pressure.
What is an ideal gas?
An ideal gas is a gas that meets the ideal gas assumptions.
All the gas laws are based on ideal gases.
What is internal energy?
Internal energy is the sum of the randomly distributed kinetic and potential energies of the particles in a given system.
What is the Kelvin Scale?
The Kelvin Scale is an absolute temperature scale that starts at absolute zero (0K = -273°C).
What is the Pressure Law?
Pressure Law: The (p)ressure of an ideal gas is (d)irectly proportional to its (a)bsolute (t)emperature, when the volume is fixed.
(Peter Listens Panic Disco AT fixed volume)
Pressure Law: The pressure of an ideal gas is ______ proportional to its ______ ______, when the _______ is _______.
Pressure Law: The pressure of an ideal gas is (directly) proportional to its (absolute temperature), when the (volume) is (fixed).
(Peter Listens Panic Disco AT fixed volume)
What is Specific Heat Capacity?
Specific Heat Capacity is the amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 Kelvin.
Specific Heat Capacity is the amount of ______ required to increase the ______ of ______ of a substance by ______ ______.
Specific Heat Capacity is the amount of (energy) required to increase the (temperature) of (1kg) of a substance by (1 Kelvin).
What is Specific Latent Heat?
Specific Latent Heat is the amount of energy required to change the state of 1kg of a substance without a change of temperature.
Specific Latent Heat is the amount of ______ required to change the ______ of ______ of a substance without a change of _______.
Specific Latent Heat is the amount of (energy) required to change the (state) of (1kg) of a substance without a change of (temperature).
What happens when a substance changes state?
During a state change, the potential energy of the system is changing but the kinetic energy is not.
What is the equation for work done in terms of pressure and volume?
Work done = pΔV
(Walruses Dance Particularly Vulgarly)
not given in exam
Learn how to derive the pressure of an ideal gas
Learn how to derive the pressure of an ideal gas
What is the equation relating work done, pressure and volume?
work done = pΔV
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The gas laws are _____, kinetic theory is _____.
The gas laws are (empirical), kinetic theory is (theoretical).
What are empirical laws?
Empirical laws are based on observations and evidence.
They predict what will happen but don’t explain why.
What are the assumptions we have to make to derive the pressure of an ideal gas?
Assumptions:
Random motion
Attraction - none between the particles
Volume - particles have negligible volume
Elastic collisions - kinetic energy is conserved
Duration of collisions is very short compared to time between them
RAVED
