Thermal Physics

Question 1

Absolute zero

Answer 1

The temperature at which a substance has minimum internal energy

Question 2

Thermal equilibrium

Answer 2

When objects in contact have no ‘heat’ energy flowing between them, they are at the same temperature

Question 3

The kinetic model of matter

Answer 3

All matter is made up of very small particles in constant motion

Question 4

Brownian motion

Answer 4

The apparent random motion of small visible particles suspended in a fluid due to the collisions made with much smaller randomly moving atoms or molecules of the fluid

Question 5

An ideal gas

Answer 5

Has internal energy only in the form of random kinetic energy

Question 6

Mean square speed

Answer 6

The mean value of the velocity of C for a large number of particles

Question 7

Assumptions of the kinetic model of a gas:

Answer 7

• the gas contains a large number of particles
• the particles move randomly and rapidly
• all collisions are perfectly elastic (KE is conserved)

Question 8

Boyles law

Answer 8

The volume of a fixed mass of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure exerted on the gas under conditions of constant temperature.
pV = constant

Question 9

Charles law

Answer 9

At constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature
V/T = constant

Question 10

Pressure-temperature law

Answer 10

At constant volume, the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature
p/T = constant

Question 11

For a fixed mass of gas

Answer 11

(pV/T) = constant

Question 12

Boltzmann constant

Answer 12

k, is a constant user when relating the temperature of a gas to the mean translational kinetic energy of the particles in the gas.
k = 1.38*10^-23 J K^-1