Thermal Physics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the internal energy of a body

A

Internal energy, U, is the sum of the randomly distributed kinetic energies and potential energies of the particles in a body

U=Σ(kinetic energies)+Σ(potential energies)

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2
Q

What is the first law of thermodynamics

A

The increase in internal energy of a system is equal to the heat added to the system minus the work done by the system

∆U=∆Q-∆W

U = increase in internal energy of the system 
Q = thermal energy added to the system 
W= work done by the system
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3
Q

When will a gas do work

A

-When a gas expands, it exerts a force on the surroundings, causing them to move – the gas does work on the surroundings

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4
Q

Explain what occurs when a hot liquid or solid is placed into a cold liquid

A

The internal energy transferred from the hot object when it cools down is equal to the thermal energy gained by the cold liquid and its container, plus the thermal energy lost to its surroundings

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5
Q

Define specific latent heat

A

The specific latent heat of a material is the amount of thermal energy required to change the state of 1kg of material, without a change in temperature, at a specified ambient pressure

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6
Q

Explain Boyles’ law

A

For a fixed mass of an ideal gas at constant temperature, the pressure of the gas Is inversely proportional to its volume

p1V1=p2V2

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7
Q

Explain Amonton’s law

A

There is a linear relationship between pressure and temperature of a gas – providing that the mass and the volume of the gas are kept constant

P1/T1=P2/T2

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8
Q

What is Absolute zero

A

The temperature when all molecular motion ceases, and the pressure of a gas drops to zero. The accepted value is the zero if the Kelvin temperature scale and is defined as -273 degrees Celsius. 0K=-273

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9
Q

Explain Charles’ law

A

At a constant pressure the volume of a fixed mass of an ideal gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature

V1/T1=V2/T2

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10
Q

Explain Avogadro’s law

A

Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules

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11
Q

Give two ways a value for moles can be calculated

A

Moles = mass (g) / molar mass (g/mol)

Moles = Atoms/ Avrogrado’s Number

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12
Q

What is the equation for Work Done

A

W= p x V

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13
Q

What are the properties of an Ideal gas

A

R - random direction
A - attraction - none between particles
V - Volume: molecules/ particles have negligible volume
compared to the Volume of the gas
E - elastic collisions- EK is conserved
D - duration of collisions very short compared to time
between

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