thermal physics Flashcards
In the kelvin scale the temperture of a particle is proportional to
It’s energy.
What do all of the gas laws apply to?
A fixed mass of gas.
What is boyle’s law?
At a constant temperature, the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional.
pv=constant
If you had a graph showing the inverse property of boyle’s law, and you increased the temperture, what would that change do?
It would move further away from the origin, to the north east.
What is Charles law?
At a constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.
What is the pressure law?
At a constant volume, the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature.
At what point does a temp/pressure or volume graph hit the x axis?
At absolute zero.
what do all the constants in the ideal gas equation mean?
p=pressure T=temp V=volume n=no. of moles. R=molar gas constant.
in what conditions does the ideal gas equation work well?
Low pressure and high temperature.
what does Nₐ mean?
the no. of particles in one mole of something.
what does N mean?
the total no. of molecules.
what is the boltzmann constant equal to?
R/Nₐ
what is the equation of state?
pV=NkT
what is the root mean square speed?
Square all the speeds, find the mean and find the square root. It is the most probable speed of the particles.
What do you have to assume for the derivation of the pressure of an ideal gas equation?
Particles has a negligible volume compared with the volume of the container.
Any forces that act during a collision are instantaneous.
There are no attractive forces between the particles
All collisions are elastic
They follow netwtons’s laws.
They move rapidly and randomly
It contains a large no. of particles.
What happens to the boltzmann distribution when temperature increases?
The average particle speed increases.
The maximum particle speed increases.
The distribution curve becomes more spread out.
Peak gets lower.
what is on the axis of the boltzmann distribution?
y= proportion of particles with a given speed
x=particle speed
what is m in the gas equations?
The mass of one particle of gas.
what is specific heat capacity?
The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1K
What is specific latent heat?
the specific latent heat of fusion or vaporisation is the quantity of thermal energy needed to change the the state of 1 kg of substance without a change in Temperature.
What is the symbol and unit of specific latent heat?
I and J kg^-1
What is random motion?
Particles have a range of speeds, no preferred direction of movment.
What is absolute zero?
The point with minimum internal energy
What is the triple point?
Temperature and pressure at which a substance can exist in all 3 phases
