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X A2 physics AQA > thermal physics > Flashcards

thermal physics Flashcards

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1
Q

In the kelvin scale the temperture of a particle is proportional to

A

It’s energy.

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2
Q

What do all of the gas laws apply to?

A

A fixed mass of gas.

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3
Q

What is boyle’s law?

A

At a constant temperature, the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional.
pv=constant

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4
Q

If you had a graph showing the inverse property of boyle’s law, and you increased the temperture, what would that change do?

A

It would move further away from the origin, to the north east.

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5
Q

What is Charles law?

A

At a constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.

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6
Q

What is the pressure law?

A

At a constant volume, the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature.

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7
Q

At what point does a temp/pressure or volume graph hit the x axis?

A

At absolute zero.

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8
Q

what do all the constants in the ideal gas equation mean?

A 
p=pressure
T=temp
V=volume
n=no. of moles.
R=molar gas constant.
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9
Q

in what conditions does the ideal gas equation work well?

A

Low pressure and high temperature.

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10
Q

what does Nₐ mean?

A

the no. of particles in one mole of something.

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11
Q

what does N mean?

A

the total no. of molecules.

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12
Q

what is the boltzmann constant equal to?

A

R/Nₐ

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13
Q

what is the equation of state?

A

pV=NkT

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14
Q

what is the root mean square speed?

A

Square all the speeds, find the mean and find the square root. It is the most probable speed of the particles.

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15
Q

What do you have to assume for the derivation of the pressure of an ideal gas equation?

A

Particles has a negligible volume compared with the volume of the container.
Any forces that act during a collision are instantaneous.
There are no attractive forces between the particles
All collisions are elastic
They follow netwtons’s laws.
They move rapidly and randomly
It contains a large no. of particles.

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16
Q

What happens to the boltzmann distribution when temperature increases?

A

The average particle speed increases.
The maximum particle speed increases.
The distribution curve becomes more spread out.
Peak gets lower.

17
Q

what is on the axis of the boltzmann distribution?

A

y= proportion of particles with a given speed

x=particle speed

18
Q

what is m in the gas equations?

A

The mass of one particle of gas.

19
Q

what is specific heat capacity?

A

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1K

20
Q

What is specific latent heat?

A

the specific latent heat of fusion or vaporisation is the quantity of thermal energy needed to change the the state of 1 kg of substance without a change in Temperature.

21
Q

What is the symbol and unit of specific latent heat?

A

I and J kg^-1

22
Q

What is random motion?

A

Particles have a range of speeds, no preferred direction of movment.

23
Q

What is absolute zero?

A

The point with minimum internal energy

24
Q

What is the triple point?

A

Temperature and pressure at which a substance can exist in all 3 phases

25
Q

What is internal energy?

A

Energy associated with the random disordered motion of molecules.
Sum of the random distribution of the kinetic and potential energies of the object’s molecules.

26
Q

What is the specific heat capacity ?

A

The energy required to raise the temp of 1 kg of a material by 1 k without a change in state.

27
Q

If you are conducting an experiment to find the specific heat capacity of a material by heating with a heater and measuring temperature, what precautions do you make?

A

Let heater reach operating temperature.
Insulate heat lose to surroundings.
Ensure good thermal contact.

28
Q

Why is the specific heat of vaporisation greater than that of fusion?

A

More energy is needed to separate out molecules than break solid bonds.
More work done against atmospheric pressure.
Greater change in potential energy.

29
Q

What is an ideal gas?

A

Can’t be liquified
Obey’s Boyle’s law at all temperatures.
Molecules have negligible volume.

30
Q

Why do smoke particles move?

A

They are bombarded by air molecules.

31
Q

Graph of pressure against volume. What is the effect of temperature?

A

Inversely proportional curve.

Increasing temp moves the curve North East, further away from the origin

32
Q

What are n and N in thermal equations?

A 
n= number of moles
N= number of molecules
33
Q

What is specific heat capacity?

A

The energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of material by 1 kelvin with no change in state.

X A2 physics AQA (8 decks)

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