Thermal Physics Flashcards

1
Q

what are volume, pressure and temperature

A

macroscopic (large-scale) properties.
if one is changed, at least one of the others will change.
they depend on how much gas is present, experiments must have a fixed gas

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2
Q

what is boyles law

A

(volume and pressure)
for a fixed mass of gas at constant temp, volume is inversely proportional to applied pressure
[pressure x volume= constant]

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3
Q

boyles law

why must oil have a low vapour pressure

A

oil content will change with pressure, in turn causing mass to change

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4
Q

boyles law

explain the use of the hand/foot pump

A

we very slowly inc pressure. compressing gas warms it slightly therefore after every compression wait a few moments for temp to dec

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5
Q

boyles law

what is isothermal

A

the same temperature

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6
Q

what is charles law

A

(volume and temperature)
for a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure, volume is directly proportional to Kelvin temp
[V/T=constant]

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7
Q

pressure law

why must water be stirred regularly

A

to ensure trapped air is same temp as water

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8
Q

charles law

what is the purpose of the concentrated sulfuric acid

A

traps and dries air to give better results

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9
Q

charles law

what is length y

A

a measure of volume of air
vol=πr² x h

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10
Q

charles law

what must water be stirred regularly

A

to ensure trapped air is same temp as water

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11
Q

charles law

what does a vol-temp(celcius) graph show

A

for a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure, volume increases uniformly with temp

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12
Q

what is the pressure law

A

(volume and temperature)
for a fixed mass of gas at constant volume, pressure is directly proportional to the kelvin temperature
[P/T=constant]

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13
Q

simple

state the ideal gas equation

A

pV/T=constant

p₁V₁/T₁ = p₂V₂/T₂

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14
Q

what is a mole

A

the amount of substance which contains as many particles as there are atoms in 0.012kg of carbon 12

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15
Q

avogadros number

A

6.02x10²³mol⁻1

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16
Q

what does avogadros number mean

A

the number of particles per mole

n=no. of molecules/avogadros no.

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17
Q

assumptions for kinetic theory

to define characteristics of an ideal gas

A
  1. no intermolecular forces (only when molecules collide)
  2. volume of molecules negligible to gas volume
  3. elastic collisions (moleucles and walls)
  4. time of collision negligible to time between collisions
  5. molecules have constant velocity (a=0)
18
Q

moles

ideal gas equation

19
Q

pV=nRT

what is R

A

universal gas equation

8.31Jmol⁻1K⁻1

20
Q

how to get boltzmann constant

A

k=R/avogadros number

20
Q

boltzmann constant

A

1.38x10⁻23JK⁻1

20
Q

what else is equal when p, V, T are equal

A

no. of molecules

20
Q

mean square speed

ideal gas equation

A

pV=⅓Nmc²

20
Q

boltzmann constant

ideal gas equation

20
mean square speed
{c²}=c²+c²+c² ÷ N
20
root mean square speed
c(rms)=√{c²}
20
density of gas
p=⅓ρ{c²}
20
# speed and temp kinetic energy
½m{c²}=NkT | kinetic energy directly proportional to Klevin temp
20
what is internal gas
the sum of potential and kinetic energy
20
what is the only energy monatomic gas possess ∴ ideal gases
translational kinetic energy
20
what is specific heat capacity
(c), the quantity of heat energy needed to raise the temp of 1kg of material by 1K | units J kg⁻1 K⁻1
20
specific heat capacity equation
Q=mcΔT
20
out of solid, liquid, gas what is the order of SHC | highest to lowest
gases>liquids>solids
20
# SHC solid practical what is the use of the small amount of oil in the hole with the thermometer
to improve thermal contactbetween thermometer and metal
20
# SHC solid practical what is the use of the metal being wrapped in insulator
to reduce heat loss, imporve accuracy
20
# SHC solid practical why must the experiment continue for several minutes after the heater is switched off
the temp of the heater is higher than the temp of block and takes time for equilibrium to be established
20
# SHC liquid practical what is the conatiner called that holds the liquid
calorimeter
20
# SHC liquid practical why must water be stirred throughout experiment
temp of liquid and temp of calorimeter must be the same
21
# SHC liquid practical ways to reduce error
* cool liquid in refridgerator to around 5° (liquid temp quickly rises until calorimeter and liquid are in equilibrium)
22
# SHC liquid practical describe when the heating starts and stops
* **begins** liquid and calorimeter are below 5° below room temp * **ends** liquid is 5° above room temp