Thermal Physics Flashcards
Temperature
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(T)
a) property that determines direction of thermal energy transfer between two objects
b) Measure of the average random Ek of the particles of a substance
Thermal equilibrium
Two objects are in thermal equilibrium when they are at the same temp so that there is no transfer of thermal energy between them
Internal Energy of a substance
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(U)
Total potential energy and random Ek of the molecules of the substance
Thermal energy
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(Heat) (Q)
Energy transferred between two substances in thermal contact due to a temp difference
Mole
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An amount of a substance that contains the same number of atoms as 0.012kg of ^12 C
Molar Mass
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Mass of one mole of a substance
Thermal Capacity
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(C)
Energy required to raise the temp of a substance by 1K
Avogadro constant
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(NA)
Number of atoms in 0.012 kg of ^12C= 6.02X10^23
Specific Heat Capacity
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(c)
Energy required “per unit mass” to raise the temp of a substance by 1K
Boiling
A phase change of a liquid into a gas that occurs at a fixed temp
Evaporation
When faster moving molecules have enough energy to escape from the surface of a liquid that is at a temp less than its boiling point, leaving slower moving molecules behind which results in a cooling of the liquid
Specific Latent Heat
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(L)
Energy per unit mass absorbed or released during a phase change
Pressure
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(P)
Force per unit area acting on a surface
Ideal Gas
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A gas that follows the ideal gas equation of state (PV=nRT) for all values of P, V and T
(Ideal gas cannot be liquefied)
Real Gas
A gas that does not follow the ideal gas equation of state for all values of P, V andd T
(real gas can approximate an ideal gas in some circumstances)
Absolute Zero of Temperature
Temperature at which a gas would exert no pressure
Kelvin scale of Temperature
An absolute scale of temperature in which 0K is the absolutes zero of temperature
