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Physics Up Learn Flashcards > Thermal Physics > Flashcards

Thermal Physics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an assumption of energy transfer?

A

Assume there is no transfer of energy to or from the surroundings.

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2
Q

What is the gravitational potential energy equation?

A

G.P.E. = mgh

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3
Q

What is the electrical energy equation in a solid?

A

E=IVt or Q=IVt

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4
Q

What is the electrical energy equation in a liquid?

A

Q=mcT (liquid) + mcT (solid)

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5
Q

What is specific latent heat?

A

The amount of energy required to change the state of a substance without a change in temperature.

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6
Q

What does fusion mean in relation to latent heat?

A

Melting.

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7
Q

What does vaporisation mean in relation to latent heat?

A

The change of liquid to gas.

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8
Q

What is sublimation?

A

Solid to gas.

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9
Q

What is deposition?

A

Gas to solid.

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10
Q

What is the equation that links the changing of temperature and state?

A

Q = mcT + ml

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11
Q

How do you measure continuous flow?

A
  • Take 2 sets of readings.
  • Switch on the heater, let liquid flow at constant temp.
  • Adjust the flow rate and energy.
  • Record the energy supplied, mass of liquid and temperature in and out.
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12
Q

What happens as more energy is transferred by heating? (Specific heat capacity)

A

There is a greater increase in temperature.

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13
Q

What happens when the mass is smaller? (Specific heat capacity)

A

A greater increase in temperature.

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14
Q

What is specific heat capacity measured in?

A

Joules per kilogram.

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15
Q

What affects the temperature in specific heat capacity?

A

The material.

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16
Q

What is specific heat capacity?

A

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a 1kg substance by 1K without a change in state.

17
Q

What equation is used to measure an increase in temperature?

A

Q = mcT

18
Q

How would two objects be in thermal equilibrium?

A

Both objects must be at the same temperature.

19
Q

What is the equation for energy transfer when objects are in thermal equilibrium?

A

-Q = mcT

20
Q

What happens to energy gained in thermal equilibrium?

A

Energy gained = energy transferred.

21
Q

What happens to kinetic energy when energy is transferred by work?

A

Kinetic energy increases.

22
Q

What happens to internal energy when energy is transferred by work?

A

Internal energy increases.

23
Q

What happens to potential energy when energy is transferred by work?

A

There is no potential energy.

24
Q

What does a change in internal energy equal?

A

Change in internal energy = energy transfer due to heating + (work done ON)
OR
Change in internal energy = energy transfer due to heating - (work done BY)

25
Q

What happens to water molecules in relation to intermolecular forces?

A

They are attracted by intermolecular forces.

26
Q

What happens to some intermolecular forces?

A

They are overcome.

27
Q

What has the weakest intermolecular forces?

A

Gas.

28
Q

What do intermolecular forces interact with?

A

Molecules and atoms.

29
Q

What happens to each particle in a state of matter?

A

Each particle has kinetic and potential energy.

30
Q

What happens when a system changes state?

A

Kinetic and potential energy increases.

31
Q

What happens when work is done ON a system?

A

Internal energy increases.

32
Q

What happens when work is done BY a system?

A

Internal energy decreases.

33
Q

What happens to internal energy during the solid to gas change in state?

A

Internal energy increases.

34
Q

How is internal energy distributed?

A

Randomly.

35
Q

What happens to energy transferred TO a system in relation to heating?

A

Increases.

36
Q

What happens to energy transferred BY a system in relation to heating?

A

Decreases.

37
Q

Why is there a change in internal energy when transferred by heating?

A

The particles average kinetic and potential energy is changed.

38
Q

What type of energy changes in a change of state?

A

Only potential.

Physics Up Learn Flashcards (3 decks)

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