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Physics > Thermal Physics > Flashcards

Thermal Physics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Boyle’s Law?

A

Pressure is INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL to Volume

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2
Q

What is Charles’ Law?

A

Temperature is DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL to Volume

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3
Q

What is the Pressure Law?

A

Pressure is DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL to Temperature

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4
Q

What does NOT change while a substance is changing from a liquid to a solid?

A

The Temperature

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5
Q

What is the theoretical point at which all molecular motion ceases?

A

Absolute Zero

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6
Q

What type of energy means the sum of the potential and kinetic energies?

A

Internal Energy

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7
Q

What type of quantity is temperature?

A

Scalar

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8
Q

What is a gas that obeys the gas laws at all temperatures and pressures called?

A

An Ideal Gas

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9
Q

What is the type of latent heat energy involved in the process of changing from solid to liquid?

A

Latent Heat of Fusion

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10
Q

What type of energy do we assume is zero for an ideal gas?

A

Potential Energy

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11
Q

If there is no net heat energy flow between two bodies they are said to be in what?

A

Thermal Equilibrium

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12
Q

What type of latent heat is involved in changing a liquid to a gas?

A

Latent heat of Vaporisation

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13
Q

Using pV = 1/3 Nmc² it can be shown that: p = 1/3 ρc² , how can this equation be proved?

A

Using the definition of density and the fact that the gas’ total mass will N x m

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14
Q

What is the equation of state for n moles of an ideal gas?

A

pV = nRT

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15
Q

State three assumptions that are made in the derivation pV=1/3Nmc² (Molecular Kinetic Theory)

A

● All particles are identical
● Collisions of gas molecules are elastic
● Intermolecular forces are negligible (except during collisions)

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16
Q

What is Internal Energy?

A

The sum of the potential and kinetic energies of a system

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17
Q

How can you increase the thermal energy of a system?

A

By heating it up or doing work on the object

18
Q

Explain the energy changes that occur during a change of state

A

Potential energies of the particles change but the kinetic energy does not

19
Q

What equation can be used to determine the energy required to change the temperature of a substance?

A

Q =mcΔT

20
Q

What is the equation to work out the energy for change of state?

A

Q =ml

21
Q

What is the Ideal Gas equation?

A

pV = nRT

22
Q

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

A

ΔU = Q - W

23
Q

What is the Specific Heat Capacity of a substance?

A

The energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg by 1K

24
Q

What is the Specific Latent Heat of a substance?

A

The energy required to change the state of 1kg, whilst keeping the temperature constant

25
Q

What is an Ideal Gas?

A

A gas where: the molecules don’t interact with each other, and the molecules are thought to be perfect spheres

26
Q

What is the internal energy of an Ideal Gas equal to?

A

The sum of the kinetic energy of all its particles

27
Q

In an Ideal Gas, how would increasing the volume change the temperature of the gas, whilst the pressure remains constant?

A

As volume increases, so does the temperature

28
Q

Explain how increasing the temperature of a balloon, whist keeping the volume the same, will increase the pressure

A

● Average KE increases
● Particles travel faster
● More frequent collisions
● Particles exert greater force
● Increases rate of change of momentum

29
Q

What is Absolute Zero?

A

At -273°C, where objects have no KE

30
Q

What is Avogadro’s Constant? (In words)

A

The number of atoms there are in one mole of a substance

31
Q

True or False: “All collisions between particles and between particles and the wall are elastic” is an assumption of an Ideal Gas?

A

True

32
Q

State an assumption of an Ideal Gas related to time

A

The time for each collision is negligible in comparison to the time between collisions

33
Q

What is meant by the root mean square speed?

A

The square root of the mean of the squares of the speeds of the molecules

34
Q

What is Brownian Motion?

A

Very small objects have random motion in a liquid or gas due to random bombardment by molecules in the substance

35
Q

What is the mnemonic to remember the assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases?

A

RAVED

36
Q

In the mnemonic for remembering the assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases, what does R stand for?

A

Random motion

37
Q

In the mnemonic for remembering the assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases, what does A stand for?

A

Attraction - there is none between particles

38
Q

In the mnemonic for remembering the assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases, what does V stand for?

A

Volume - molecules/particles have negligible volume compared to that of the gas

39
Q

In the mnemonic for remembering the assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases, what does E stand for?

A

Elastic collisions - Kinetic energy is conserved

40
Q

In the mnemonic for remembering the assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases, what does D stand for?

A

Duration of collisions is very short compared to time between

41
Q

What is the formula for the force exerted by a particle of an Ideal Gas on the wall of its container, according to the kinetic theory of gases?

A

F = -mv²/L

Physics (14 decks)

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