Thermal Physics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the lower fixed point of the celsius scale?

A

0- pure melting ice

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2
Q

What is the upper fixed point of the celsius scale?

A

100- steam from boiling water under atmospheric pressure

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3
Q

What are the 2 fixed points in the kelvin scale?

A
  • 0K: lowest possible temperature

- 273.16K: triple point of water

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4
Q

How do you convert kelvins to degrees celsius?

A
  • 273
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5
Q

How do you convert degrees celsius to kelvins?

A

+ 273

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6
Q

When does thermal equilibrium occur?

A

no net transfer of thermal energy between two objects

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7
Q

How do particles act in a solid?

A
  • vibrate about fixed positions close together

- mixture of Ek and Ep

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8
Q

How do particles act in a liquid?

A
  • can move around one another
  • greater Ek and Ep than solid
  • greater mean separation than solid
  • smaller attractive electrostatic
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9
Q

How do particles act in a gas?

A
  • move freely and rapidly
  • collide elastically with each other
  • move randomly with different speeds and directions
  • greater mean separation than liquid
  • negligible electrostatic force
  • max Ep of 0
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10
Q

What is Brownian motion?

A

random motion of a particle as a result of collisions with surrounding gaseous molecules

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11
Q

Within Brownian motion what have smaller speeds than air particles?

A

more massive smoke particles

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12
Q

What happens in terms of state when temperature remains the same?

A

state change

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13
Q

When does kinetic energy increase during state changes?

A

as the substances temperature increases

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14
Q

When does potential energy increase during state changes?

A

as the states change

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15
Q

When does internal energy increase during state changes?

A

constantly increases

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16
Q

What happens to molecules at absolute zero?

A

they stop moving

17
Q

What is at a minimum at absolute zero due to Ep?

A

internal energy

18
Q

What is absolute zero?

A

0K

19
Q

Define specific heat capacity:

A

the energy required per unit mass to change temperature by 1K or 1 degree

20
Q

How can you investigate specific heat capacity?

A

put a heater into a solid surrounded by insulation and measure the temperature change using a thermometer

21
Q

Define specific latent heat:

A

energy required to change the phase per unit mass while at constant temperature

22
Q

What is the specific latent heat of fusion?

A

solid to liquid

23
Q

What is the specific latent heat of vaporisation?

A

liquid to gas