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Science 23-24 > Thermal Energy Vocab > Flashcards

Thermal Energy Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

heat definition

A

a flow of energy from warmer matter to cooler matter

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2
Q

matter definition

A

anything that takes up space and has mass

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3
Q

In what direction does heat always flow through particles? faster moving to slower moving, or slower moving particles to faster moving?

A

from faster-moving to slower-moving particles

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4
Q

As particles gain more energy do they move faster or slower?

A

they move faster

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5
Q

Are faster moving particles in matter described as getting warmer or colder?

A

warmer

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6
Q

As particles lose energy do they move faster or slower?

A

slower

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7
Q

As the particles in matter move more slowly, is the matter described as getting warmer or colder?

A

colder

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7
Q

thermal energy definition

A

the total energy of the particles that make up any matter

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8
Q

In what predictable ways does heat move?

A

flowing from warmer objects to cooler ones, until they both reach the same temperature

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9
Q

what temperature scale is the most commonly used in the U.S.?

A

Fahrenheit (F)

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10
Q

At what temperature does water freeze on the Fahrenheit scale?

A

32 degrees

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11
Q

At what temperature does water boil on the Fahrenheit scale?

A

212 degrees

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11
Q

What temperature scale is used in the rest of the world (outside of the U.S.)?

A

Celsius (C)

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11
Q

AT what temperature does water freeze on the Celsius scale?

A

0 degrees

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12
Q

At what temperature does water boil on the Celsius scale?

A

100 degrees

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12
Q

What is the Law of Conservation of Energy

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only changes from one form into another.

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12
Q

Can energy change from one form to another?

A

yes

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13
Q

When energy is changed from one form to another, is any energy always converted to heat?

A

yes, some energy is always converted to heat

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14
Q

Do all systems transform energy with the same amount of loss of heat?

A

No, some systems have less loss of heat than others

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15
Q

what are 7 different forms of energy? (ENMEST)
Everyone Needs MineCraft Enchanted Skelly Tools

A

Electrical Energy
Nuclear Energy
Mechanical Energy
Chemical Energy
Electromagnetic Energy
Sound Energy
Thermal Energy

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15
Q

What happens as particles of matter in a substance gain thermal energy?

A

they collide more often,
moving faster and traveling farther.

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16
Q

What does increased particle motion cause the substance to do?

A

take up more space, or expand.

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17
Q

expand definition

A

to take up more space; to get larger

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18
Q

What happens as particles of matter lose thermal energy?

A

They move slower and do not travel as far.

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19
Q

What does decreased particle motion cause the substance to do?

A

contract

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20
Q

contract definition

A

to take up less space; to get smaller

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21
Q

When heated, in what order to these substances expand from most to least?
solid, gas, liquid

A

gas the most
liquid less than gas
solids the least

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22
Q

Does water always expand when heated and contract when cooled?

A

No - it is an exception! Crazy water!!!
Between 4 degrees C and 0 degrees C, water expands.

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23
Q

Why are expansion joints in roads and bridges important?

A

They allow for the expansion and contraction of concrete during the summer (expansion) and winter (contraction) months

24
Q

What are the three ways matter can become heated?

A

conduction
convection
radiation

25
Q

conduction definition

A

the flow of heat from one object to another by direct contact between the objects.

26
Q

What is happening with particles when conduction occurs?

A

Conduction occurs when faster-moving particles in the warmer object strike slower-
moving particles near them in a cooler object.

27
Q

How do we use conduction to cook?

A

Thermal energy from the pan is transferred to the food.

28
Q

Conductor definition

A

a substance through which energy travels easily

29
Q

What are three examples of conductors?

A

metal, copper, aluminum

30
Q

insulator definition

A

a substance that slows down the transfer of heat

31
Q

5what are 4 examples of insulators?

A

glass, plastic, rubber, air and wood

32
Q

How are insulators used in heat and clothing?

A

to keep heat from escaping

33
Q

What do feathers and fur act as on animals?

A

insulators

34
Q

convection definition

A

the flow of thermal energy that occurs when a warm liquid or gas moves
from one place to another

35
Q

When matter is heated does it expand or contract?

A

expand

36
Q

In a liquid or a gas, why does the heated matter rise?

A

expanded matter is less dense than cooler matter, so it rises, carrying its energy with it. Denser, cooler matter sinks.

37
Q

radiation definition

A

the transfer of energy from one place to another without the use of matter

38
Q

Briefly describe Earth’s energy budget.

A

To balance the amount of energy that comes in from the sun’s solar energy, the Earth must put back out the same amount. If the Earth doesn’t put back out enough of the energy the Earth will overheat.

39
Q

What are the three states of matter?

A

liquid
solid
gas

40
Q

definte volume definition

A

the amount of space the substance takes up does not change if the substance is moved to a different location or placed in a different container.

41
Q

What characteristics does a solid have in regards to shape and volume?

A

Solids have a definite shape and volume. The shape and volume does not change if it is moved to a different location or container.

42
Q

What characteristics does liquid have in regards to shape and volume?

A

Liquids do not have a definite shape, they take the shape of the container that they are in. and Liquid has definite volumes (the amount of space it takes up doesn’t change even if the container changes).

43
Q

What are the characteristics for gasses in regards to shape and volume?

A

Gases do not have a definite shape and do not have a definite volume.

44
Q

Is the force of attraction the same in every state of matter?

A

No, it is different with each state.

45
Q

In which state of matter is the force of attraction the strongest?

A

solid

46
Q

in which state of matter is the force of attraction the weakest?

A

gas

47
Q

What type of particle movement/force of attraction occurs in solids?

A

only vibration

48
Q

What type of particle movement/force of attraction occurs in gas?

A

Particles move freely and in all directions

49
Q

What is force of attraction?

A

the way particles will interact and move in different states of matter

50
Q

What type of particle movement/force of attraction occurs in liquids?

A

A liquid has a force
of attraction that is in between the solid and gaseous states. Liquid particles can move
past one another and move around a little bit.

51
Q

What happens when particles gain or lose enough energy?

A

they can change state

52
Q

What is one naturally occuring substance on Earth that can occur in every state of matter?

A

water

53
Q

What two factors impact the state of a substance?

A

its temperature and the amount of attraction
between its particles.

54
Q

melting point definition

A

the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid state

55
Q

in regards to particles, why does melting occur?

A

because particles gain heat

56
Q

What happens to particles in a liquid when they lose energy?

A

They move more slowly. If they lose enough energy, they can slow enough to become a solid.

57
Q

freezing point definition

A

the temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid

58
Q

in pure substances, at what temperatures do freezing and melting occur?

A

the same temperature

59
Q

boiling point definition

A

the temperature at which all of the particles in a liquid have sufficient energy to break free at the surface.

60
Q

Do all substances have the same or different boiling points?

A

different substances have different boiling points

61
Q

evaporation definition

A

the change of state from liquid to gas at the surface of a liquid

62
Q

Where does evaporation occur?

A

occurs at the surface of the liquid

63
Q

When does evaporation occur?

A

when some of the particles are moving fast enough to break free.

64
Q

At what temperature can evaporation occur?

A

Evaporation can occur at any temperature because some of the particles at the surface
of a liquid always will have sufficient energy to escape. However, evaporation takes
place more quickly in hotter liquids.

65
Q

condensation definition

A

the change of state from a gas to a liquid

Science 23-24 (2 decks)

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