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Science > Thermal Energy Test > Flashcards

Thermal Energy Test Flashcards

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1
Q

Temperature

A

the average kinetic energy of molecule

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2
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

energy of motion

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3
Q

Thermal Expansion

A

when temperature rises, molecules move rapidly and spread apart

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4
Q

Thermal Contraction

A

when temperature lowers, molecules move slowly and is closer together

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5
Q

Potential Energy

A

the attraction between molecules, more mass more potential energy

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6
Q

Thermal Energy

A

Potential + Kinetic energy

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7
Q

Heat

A

Movement of energy from high to low temepratures

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8
Q

Thermal Equilibrium

A

there is no temperature difference, (no temp. exchange)

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9
Q

Conduction

A

heat transfer through direct contact

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10
Q

Convection

A

heat transfer from one location to another through liquid or gas

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11
Q

Radiation

A

heat transfer through electromagnetic radiation (UV Lights)

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12
Q

Conductors

A

materials that allows heat to transfer easily

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13
Q

Insulators

A

(opposite of conductors) does not pass heat easily

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14
Q

Specific Heat

A

describes the amount of energy in Joules from 1kg to 1C (Inversely proportional)

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15
Q

Thermodynamics

A

relationship between work and heat

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16
Q

1st Law of Thermodynamics

A

energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed/transferred

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17
Q

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

A

heat flows from low to high temp

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18
Q

Work

A

force upon an object causing it to move

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19
Q

When a liquid is cooled, the liquid molecules-

A

(B) move slower than before, (C) experience thermal contraction

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20
Q

heat transfer that occurs in outer space

A

(C) radiation

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21
Q

an insulator is a material that has molecules that

A

do not transfer heat easily

22
Q

The following objects are all heated from 10°C to 30°C. Which object will transfer the most energy to your hand?
a. 5kg apples
b. 2kg apples
c. 5kg gold
d. 2kg gold

A

5 kg apples

23
Q

Two objects of the same material but different masses are subjected to the same thermal energy input.

A

object with less mass will have more temperature change

24
Q

All of the following are examples of conductors except ___.
a. silver
b. water
c. air
d. aluminum

A

air

25
Q

A 80°C object and a 60°C object sit (not touching) in a 21°C environment. Which best explains what will happen?

A

the environment will get warmer

26
Q

Which is an example of heat transfer by convection?

A

water boiling in a pot

27
Q

Which of the following is an example of energy conservation?
a. An apple hangs suspended from a tree.
b. A person stands on tiptoes.
c. A car waits at a red light.
d. A hockey puck slides to a stop due to friction.

A

a hockey puck slides to a stop due to friction

28
Q

When energy is transferred as heat, the amount of usable energy ___.

A

remains the same

29
Q

How are temperature and kinetic energy related?

A

temperature is the measurement of the average kinetic energy of molecules

30
Q

Describe what happens to motion and spacing of molecules when heated or cooled for a:
a. liquid
b. solid
c. gas

A

the molecules always move slow and get closer (contract) when cooled. When heated, they expand and move around faster.

31
Q

what does a thermometer measure

A

temperature

32
Q

Describe characteristics of the three temperature scales including freezing and boiling point of water for each.

A

Boiling Point-
Kelvin- 373
Celsius- 100
Fahrenheit- 212

Freezing-
Kelvin-273
Celsius- 0
Fahrenheit- 32

33
Q

using the ideas of thermal expansion and contraction, describe how a thermometer works

A

temperature increase cause liquid inside thermometer to expand, therefore temperature rises. Temperature decrease causes liquid inside to extract, therefore temperature falls

34
Q

what state of matter has the most and least potential energy?

A

Solid - Most
Gas - Least

35
Q

what 2 types of energy do molecules possess

A

potential and kinetic

36
Q

explain why thermal energy and temperature, though related, are different

A

Temperature uses kinetic energy while thermal energy uses kinetic and potential energy

37
Q

provide an example of when two substances might have the same temperature but different thermal energy.

A

A cup of water and a bucket of water. They could both have the same temperature, but the bucket of water is holding more, so it has more molecules.

38
Q

how are heat flow and temperature differences related?

A

the greater the difference between temps, the more heat will flow

39
Q

which will cool fastest initially in a room temperature room? boiling water or lukewarm water?

A

boiling water

40
Q

will heat flow between two objects touching that have the same temperature?

A

no because no heat can be exchanged if they are the same temperature (they’ve reached thermal equilibrium)

41
Q

which direction does heat flow? give an example

A

heat flows from high to low. In a pot of boiling water, the hot water from the bottom rises to the top as the the cooler water from the top sinks down to the bottom

42
Q

three methods of thermal energy transfer

A

conduction, convection, radiation

43
Q

do all objects emit the same amount of radiation? why or why not?

A

hotter objects transfer more heat through radiation since they have more heat to release

44
Q

why does conduction primarily occur in solids

A

molecules are very close in solids, therefore heat is easier to transfer

45
Q

what is the difference between conductors and insulators?

A

conductors allow heat to transfer easily while insulators don’t

46
Q

examples of conductors

A

metal, aluminum, silver

47
Q

example of insulators

A

glass, air, rubber

48
Q

what kind of material would make tea boil quicker in a kettle

A

metal

49
Q

what would you use to maximize and minimize heat transfer

A

Max - metal
Min - air

50
Q

If you have several spoons made of conducting materials and insulating materials, which will feel cooler to the touch and why?

A

metal because it takes thermal energy quicker

51
Q

state wheat her the variable is “inversely” or “directly” proportional to the temperature change
a. mass
b. specific heat
c. thermal energy transferred

A

mass - inversely; a bucket and a cup of water are over a fire, the cup of water changes faster than the bucket, since there is less mass to heat up

specific heat - inversely; the smaller the specific heat, the more temperature change it will have

thermal energy transfer - directly; the more thermal energy, the more temperature change

52
Q

Suppose you took a bite of pie that was at a certain temperature. The crust doesn’t burn you but the filling does. Using the idea of specific heat, explain why the filling burned you but the crust didn’t even though they had the same temperature.

A

The filling needs more energy to cool down, so even though the crust is cooled down, it doesn’t need as much energy as the filling to cool down, so the filling still burns you. The filing transfers more thermal energy because it has less specific energy than the crust.

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