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Chemistry > Thermal Energy & Matter > Flashcards

Thermal Energy & Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

Thermal energy depends on what?

A

Mass

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2
Q

The transfer of thermal energy from one object to another because of a temperature difference

A

Heat

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3
Q

Is related to the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object due to their random motion through space.

A

Temperature

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4
Q

Q=(m)(c)(ΔT); What does ‘m’ stand for?

A

Mass

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5
Q

Q=(m)(c)(ΔT); What does ‘Q’ stand for?

A

Heat gained or lost

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6
Q

Q=(m)(c)(ΔT); What does ‘c’ stand for?

A

Specific Heat

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7
Q

Q=(m)(c)(ΔT); What does ‘ΔT’ stand for?

A

Change in Temperature; The triangle stands for ‘delta’

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8
Q

The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a material by one degree Celsius

A

Specific heat

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9
Q

An increase in the volume of a material due to a temperature increase

A

Thermal expansion

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10
Q

On the Kelvin scale,______________ is defined as temperature of 0 kelvins.

A

Absolute Zero

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11
Q

The total potential & kinetic energy of all the particles in an object.

A

Thermal energy

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12
Q

Heat flows spontaneously from _____ to ______

objects

A

Hot; Cold

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13
Q

Thermal energy depends on the _____, _________, ________.

A

Mass, temperature & phase (solid, liquid, gas)

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14
Q

Thermal expansion occurs because?

A

Particles of matter tend to move farther apart as temperature increases.

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15
Q

The ________ a materials specific heat, the more it’s ___________ increases when heat is absorbed.

A

Lower; Temperature

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16
Q

Iron has a _________ specific heat.

A

Lower

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17
Q

From his observations of cannon drilling, _____________ concluded that heat could not be a form of matter.

A

Count Rumford

18
Q

What property of an object is related to the average kinetic energy in the particles in that object?

A

Temperature

19
Q

A thermometer works based on property of…?

A

Thermal expansion

20
Q

What does a calorimeter directly measure?

A

Change in temperature

21
Q

______________ in gases is slower than in liquids & solids because the particles in a gas collide less often.

A

Conduction

22
Q

Three convection currents are very natural such as _____________, ____________& _____________ of hot rock in Earth’s interior.

A

Ocean currents, weather systems & movements

23
Q

As an objects temperature increases, the rate at which it radiates energy ___________.

A

Increases

24
Q

Does metal have a higher or lower specific heat than plastic

A

Lower

25
Q

What device is used to measure changes in thermal energy?

A

Calorimeter

26
Q

What is the boil point and freezing point of water for Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin scales?

A

Fahrenheit; 212 (boiling) 32 (freezing)
Celsius; 100 (boiling) 0 (freezing)
Kelvin; 373 (boiling) 273 (freezing)

27
Q

What is the name of the temperature scale we use in science class?

A

Celsius

28
Q

What property is related to the average kinetic energy of the particles in that object?

A

Temperature

29
Q

How are science technology related?

A

Science & technology are independent. Advance in one lead to advances in the other

30
Q

The variable that causes changes in another

A

Manipulate variable

31
Q

The amount of water that you accumulate

A

Responding variable

32
Q

An experiment in which one variable is changed

A

Control

33
Q

The variable that keeps the same

A

Constant

34
Q

Information that you obtain through the senses is what?

A

Observation

35
Q

A scientific ________ summarizes a pattern found in nature

A

Law

36
Q

A scientific __________ attempts to provide an explanation as to why something happens

A

Theory

37
Q

Scientific _________ make it easier to understand things tha might be too difficult to observe directly

A

Models

38
Q

Who’s law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature in Kelvins if the pressure & the number of particles of the gas are constant?

A

Charles law

39
Q

Who’s law states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure if the temperature & the number of particles are constant

A

Boyles

40
Q

During a phase change, the temperature of a substance ________________ during a phase change

A

Stays the same/ doesn’t change

Chemistry (2 decks)

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