Thermal Energy and Heat Flashcards
What is TE?
The total kinetic energy in the particles of an object
In the SI system, TE is measured in _________.
Joules
Temperature is NOT energy, but it does give the measure of the __________________________________________
Average KE of the particles in an object
Anything at a higher temperature will have a __________ TE
Higher
Why are temperature and TE different?
Temperature is related to the average KE in the particles of an object, while TE is the total KE of all the particles in an object
Glass of water can have the same temperature as a lake, but the lake has more TE, why?
Bcuz the lake has more molecules
Which has more TE, a bowl of soup or a pot?
A pot of soup
Does heat only have to do with things that are hot?
No also with cold stuff
In science, what is heat?
The energy transferred from an object at a higher temperature to an object with lower temperature
When 2 objects come in contact, energy will always be transferred from the object with __________ temperature to the object with __________ temperature.
Higher -> lower
How many ways are there to measure heat?
2
What are the two ways to measure heat?
calories, and joules
One calorie is equal to …
The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1g of water by 1^C
1 calorie = ? joules
4.18 joules
One Calorie = ___ calorie(cal)
1000
A kilocalorie is written with a ______ “C”
Capital
1 Calorie contains enough energy to raise the temperature of _____ of water 1^C
1KG
What instrument is used to measure how many calories are in an object is called a ____________
Calorimeter
A thermometer measures increase in temperature, which is used to calculate how much energy is ___________. This is the amount of __________
Released; Calories
Adding or removing _____ from a substance will affect its temperature and TE.
Heat
What happens when 2 objects at different temperatures come into contact?
Energy as heat flows from the object at the higher temperature to the object with a lower temperature. When both objects become the same temperature no more energy as heat flows
What does the Kinetic theory of matter state?
Particles that make matter move around at different speeds.
What does the state of a substance depend on?
The speed of its particles
What can adding energy in the form of heat to an object result in?
Change of state
What can added energy cause?
Bonds between particles to break. This is what allows state to change
What are the 3 main ways to transfer energy?
Conduction, convection, radiation
What is conduction?
The transfer of energy as heat from one substance to another through direct contact
When can conduction occur?
Anytime two objects with different temperatures come into contact
If two objects with different temps are in contact, when will conduction stop?
When both of the objects have come to the same temperature
How does conduction occur in one object?
Energy in the form of heat is transferred from the warmer part of the object to the colder part, until the entire object is the same temperature
What is a conductor?
A material that transfers heat very well.
What are examples of good conductors?
Metals
What is an insulator?
A material that is a poor conductor of heat
What are examples of good insulators?
Wood, plastic, plastic foam.
Why is plastic foam a good insulator?
Bcuz it contains many small spaces that are filled with air.
What is it called when heat is transferred through the movement of liquids and gases?
Convection
What is convection?
The transfer of energy as heat by the movement of a gas or liquid.
As temperature increases, the density of the liquid or gas ____________.
Decreases
When does convection occur?
When a cooler, denser, mass of a gas or liquid replaces a warmer, less dense mass of a gas or liquid by pushing it upwards
When u boil water in a pot, what does convection cause?
The water to move in roughly circular patterns
What is radiation?
The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves
What are examples of radiation?
Visible light, microwave, and infrared lights
What is the most significant source of radiation?
The sun
