thermal Flashcards
what is the equation for SHC, using: E, m and θ?
THERMAL
E = mcΔθ
where:
• E = energy of substance
• m = mass
• c = SHC
• θ = temperature (IN KELVINS)
for when you are heating or cooling a substance, no change of state
for a level always put temperature into Kelvins when calculating and using equations, unless asked to convert or use celsius
what is the equation for SLH, using: m and E?
THERMAL
E = mL
where:
• E = energy
• m = mass
• L = specific latent heat
used when when wanting to change state, not heating or cooling of substance
what is the gas law equation for PV, using: n, R and T?
THERMAL
PV = nRT
where:
• P = pressure
• V = volume
• n = number of moles
• R = universal gas constant
• T = temperature IN KELVINS
what is the gas law equation for PV, using: N, k and T?
THERMAL
PV = Nkt
where:
• P = pressure
• V = volume
• N = number of molecules or particles
• k = Boltzmann’s constant
• T = temperature IN KELVINS
what is Boyle’s law, using: P and V?
THERMAL
P ∝ 1 / V
where:
• P = pressure
• V = volume
what is Charles’ law, using: V and T?
THERMAL
V ∝ T
where:
• V = volume
• T = temperature IN KELVINS
what is the the Pressure law, using: P and T?
THERMAL
P ∝ T
where:
• P = pressure
• T = temperature IN KELVINS
how do you convert law of proportionality to actual equation?
A ∝ B => A = kB
drop the proportionality sign for an = and add a constant (k) in front of whatever the variable is proportional to (whatever is on right hand side or proportionality sign)
what is the equation to find out what happens to the gas before and after Boyle’s Law, using: P1, V1, P2 and V2?
THERMAL
P1V1 = P2V2
where:
• P1 = initial pressure
• P2 = final pressure
• V1 = initial volume
• V2 = final volume
what is the relationship linking P, V and T?
THERMAL
PV ∝ T
where:
• P = pressure
• V = volume
• T = temperature
what is the equation linking P, V and T?
THERMAL
PV / T = k
where:
• P = pressure
• V = volume
• T = temperature
• k = a constant
what is the equation linking P1, V1, T1, P2, V2 and T2?
THERMAL
P1V1 / T1 = P2V2 / T2
where:
• P1 = pressure before
• P2 = pressure after
• V1 = volume before
• V2 = volume after
• T1 = temperature before
• T2 = temperature after
they equal each other because it doesn’t matter what changes, the constant will stay the same bc of law of proportionality between P, V and T
what is the equation for kinetic theory, using: P, V, N, m and rms speed?
THERMAL
PV = (1/3)Nm(c^2)
where:
• P = pressure
• V = volume
• N = number of molecules or particles
• m = mass of 1 molecule or particle (so then Nm = total mass of gas)
• c = root mean square [rms] speed
what is the equation for pressure, using: ρ and c?
THERMAL
P = (1/3)ρc^2
where:
• P = pressure of gas
• ρ = density of gas
• c = root mean square speed
bc
=> PV = (1/3)Nmc^2
=> P = [(1/3)Nmc^2] / V
=> P = (1/3)(Nm / V)c^2
=> P = (1/3)(total mass of gas / volume)c^2
=> P = (1/3)(density)c^2
=> P = (1/3)ρc^2
what is the equation for kinetic energy of each particle in gas, using: m and rms speed?
THERMAL
KE = (1/2)mc^2
where:
• m = mass of 1 particle
• c = rms speed
