Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHTH 7363 Davies Research (practce issues) > Therex 1 & Isokinetics (Davies part 3) > Flashcards

Therex 1 & Isokinetics (Davies part 3) Flashcards

1
Q

Whenever we talk about isometrics, what words do we need to use? (2)

A

Velocity

Resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Isometrics: how does velocity and resistance work?

A

Velocity is at a constant zero (there is no actual movement)

Resistance varies to match the force applied (since no movement is produced, the amount you push against something equals the amount of force that object pushes back against you)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does velocity and resistance differe in Isotonic exercises versus Isometric exercises?

A

Velocity is variable

Resistance is fixed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Isotonic muscle loading:

Contraction

Resistance

Velocity

A

Contraction:

  • Shortening (concentric)
  • Lengthening (eccentric)

Resistance: Constant/fixed

Velocity: Variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Three things Isotonic Resistance cannot do

A
  1. Cannot vary as skeletal leverage changes - maximal loading only at weakest point in range
  2. Cannot accommodate to pain or fatigue
  3. Not possible to exercise at fast functional velocities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Isotonics:

Describe loading during:

Concentric phase: at Beg ROM, Mid ROM, and End ROM duirng

Eccentric phase: at Beg ROM, Mid ROM, and End ROM duirng

A

Concentric

  1. Beg ROM - max Loading
  2. Mid ROM - submax loading
  3. End ROM - max loading

Eccentric

  1. Beg ROM - submax loading
  2. Mid ROM - submax loading
  3. End ROM - submax loading

(basically, the only place that max loading occurs is at Beg and End ROM during a Concentric contraction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the significance of where in the ROM Isotonic maximally loads a muscle?

A

Isotonics load a muscle at the weakest point in the ROM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Can Isotonics accomodate pain?

A

nope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what happens to ROM when muscles fatigue duirng isotonic exercise?

A

The ROM decreases because the end ROMs can no longer overcome the resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are three advantages of Isotonic Exercise?

A
  1. Dynamic Movement
  2. Neural Factors Involved
    1. recruitment
    2. coordination
  3. Functional Patterns
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the most common type of exercise we use in rehab?

A

Isotonic exercises

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the diadvantages of Isotonic Exercise?

A
  1. Not accommodating to pain or fatigue
  2. Uncontrolled velocity
  3. Difficult to get a mzimum value (most of the ROM is working at submax resistance)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the velocity that is used during most isotonic exercise, and what usually determines this velocity?

A

Most isotonic exercise takes place at 50-60 degrees per second

this is a self-selected velocity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the S.A.I.D. principle

A

Specificity (S.A.I.D.)

Stands for specific adaptations to imposed demands: It is a way of expressing the principle of specificity: if you train a certain way, you will perform best using the same technique (extreme would be if you train to swim you will make more improvements in swimming then you would in ballet, and vice versa, if you train in ballet you will have more improvements in ballet than in swimming :-)

Applied to isotonic and exercise types:

  • if I test two individuals isotonically
  • then train one with isotonics and the other with isokinetics
  • an isotonic post-test will show the isotonic-trained one is stronger doing isotonic exercises
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are four types of isotonic training programs?

A
  1. PRE (progressive resistive exercises)
  2. Variable resestance
  3. Pneumatics
  4. Others
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does PRE stand for?

A

Progressive resistive exercises

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Veriable Resistance?

include example

A
  • A type of isotonic exercise
  • BE SURE NOT TO CALL IT ACCOMMODATING exercise (only isokinetics and isometrics is accomodating)
  • Example: CAM in a Nautilus-type knee extention machine
    • CAM Creates a lever to help the pt in the weakest part of the ROM
    • The low part of ROM is helping the pt (it is efficient)
    • The middle part, we are efficient- so the machine is inefficient
    • The end part has the machine being more efficient and we are more inefficient
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Explain a Nautilus knee extension machine with a CAM and what exercise type it uses

Draw the graph too

A

It uses Isotonic Variable resistance (NOT accommodating resistance)

The top picutre in the graph is labeled: “Muscular Torque Curve Through the ROM”

  • The line labels across explain:
    • Begining ROM: Inefficient
    • Middle ROM: Efficient
    • End ROM: Inefficient

The lower picture in the graph is the shape of the CAM (labeled CAM shaft)

  • The line lables across it explain:
    • Beginning ROM: efficient
    • Middle ROM: inefficient
    • End ROM: efficient

The y-axix is labeled “Torque”

the x-axis is labeled “ROM”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is significant about the smith machine in regards to plyos?

A

It is useful because it is safe for plyos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is another way we can set up equipment to implement Isotonic Variable resistance?

A

Chains on a barbell!

As the barbell raises (and the person’s muscles become more efficient) the chains unfold and add resistance to the barbell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Train Concentrically for . . .

(this was on the ppt and I thought it was interesting. Dr. Davies did not teach it to us, so skip if you want)

A

Power development

(Explosive, Functional Ability)

22
Q

Train Eccentrically for . . .

(this was on the ppt and I thought it was interesting. Dr. Davies did not teach it to us, so skip if you want)

A

Strength Development

(contractile and Non-Contractile Strength Development)

23
Q

Isokinetic Muscle Loading:

Resistance

SpeedVelocity

A

Resistance: Accommodating Resistance (DO NOT USE THE TERM VARIABLE RESISTANCE - that is for isotonics)

Velocity: Fixed Speed

(the complete opposite of Isotonics)

24
Q

Define Accommodating Resistance

(IMPORTANT)

A

Reistance varies to exactly match the force applied at every point in ROM

25
Q

If we did isokinetic testing on each other, we would all have the same ________, as long as we were all healthy.

A

torque shape

(this picture might have some pathology, but it shows the general principle)

26
Q

Isokinetics loads a muscle to maximum capability at ______ in the ROM.

A

Isokinetics loads a muscle to maximum capability at every point in the ROM.

27
Q

Explain this chart;

(if you can explain it to someone else, then you understand the difference between Isokinetics and Isotonics)

the slide he used was very very hard to see in B & W, so I drew something similar

A

I added the dotted line to help show that in mid ROM the muscle can generate more force because it is not experienceing active or passive insufficiencey and usually there is usually the greatest mechanical advangate for the muscle in mid range.

in isokinetics the force against the muscle matches whatever force the muscle can generate against it at every part of the ROM.

in isotonics, the force against the muscle cannot change, but the muscle must be able to generate enough force against it to move it from the begining. Therefore, the force must be matched cosely to the weight the muscle is weakest at beg and end ROM (because of active and passive insufficiency and lack of mechanical advantage). Since the resistance against the msucle is fixed, the muscle is under-loaded during mid ROM and has a lot more potential to generate force than the isotonic resistance allows for.

28
Q

Explain this chart;

(if you can explain it to someone else, then you understand the difference between Isokinetics and Isotonics)

A

IF we take an isotonic load and start with 100% muscle loading, in mid-ROM it will be only part of the percentage of max loading because the muscle is stronger at mid-ROM (due to mechanical advantage and a lack of active and passive inssuficiency) but the weight stays the same.

note that Isokinetic loading stays at 100% the entire time (the dashed line a the top)

(This is sort of like the inverse of the other graph that compares isokinetic and isotonic testing/loading)

29
Q

is the time required for rest between sets different between isokinetic and isotonic exercises?

A

yes

Isokinetic exercises require more rest time between sets because the muscle is working at its max capacity throughout the entire ROM (so it is working at 100% of capacity all the time)

30
Q

Another picture showing the difference between isokinetics and isotonics and muscle loading.

(no need to answer a question, this is just for repetition in veiwng the picture if the concept is confusing)

A
31
Q

If we use Isotonics, what is the best way to train all ROM?

A

Use multiple Short Arc exercises (with different weights for each short arc)

32
Q

What are the unique advantages of Isokinetic muscle loading?

A
  1. Efficiency
    1. Isokinetic loading is the only way to load a dynamically contracting muscle to its maximum capability at all points throughout the ROM (force changes at every single degree)
  2. Safety
    1. The individual will never meet more resistance than they can handle becuase the resistance is equal to the force applied (can back off during part of the ROM if they experience pain)
  3. Accommodating resistance (not sure if this should be part of the advantages or not)
    1. Changes in muscle-tendionous length tnesion ration (Bix Curve)
    2. Changes in skeletal leverage (biomechanics)
    3. Fatigue
    4. Pain
33
Q

Four main things Accommodating Resistance accomodates:

A

Accommodating resistance

  1. Changes in muscle-tendionous length tnesion ration (Bix Curve)
  2. Changes in skeletal leverage (biomechanics)
  3. Fatigue
  4. Pain
34
Q

Explain the “overflow” that can happen with isokinetics (even though we will always be able to get through full ROM)

A

Isokinetics creates a physiological overflow to slower speeds

(can train faster, but will strengthen muscle for slower speeds too)

It doesn’t appear that dr. Davies covered this

35
Q

what is a weakness of CKC testing?

A

With CKC testing, everything is being tested in the kinematic chain and we DO NOT KNOW wich muscles are contributing to the force production

Or which muscles ore NOT contributing to the force production

(it is basically like doing a functional test)

36
Q

What are 12-15 things we should look at when analyzing Isokinetic testing?

A
  1. Bilateral Comparison
  2. Peak Torque
  3. Peak torque to body weight (relative/normalized data)
  4. Unilateral Ratio of agnonist/antagons
  5. Angle-Specific Torques
  6. Total Work
  7. FDR (Force Decay Rate)
  8. RIT (Reciprocal Innervation Time)
  9. Endurance Testing
  10. TRTD (timed rate of torque development)
  11. Average Power
  12. TAE (Torque Acceleration Energy)
  13. Functional Correlation (on another slide)
  14. Sport-specific correlation (on another slide)
  15. TAS, TBS (on another slide, don’t know what this is)
37
Q

Isokinetic testing: Considerations when analyzing bilateral comparison

A

Bilateral Comparison

Unless athlete is really unique, dominant leg doesn’t matter (sometimes non-dominant leg is stronger because it is teh push-off leg.

So really look for symmetry when comparing involved and univovled side

we want the two sides within 10% of eachother at all speeds

  • greater than this increases injury risk
38
Q

Isokinetic testing: Considerations when analyzing Peak Torque

A

look at how high the curve goes

39
Q

Isokinetic testing: Considerations when analyzing peak torque to body weight

A

Torque to body weight changes with the percent of body weight resistance is:

Females tend to be able to move 10% lower bodey weight than males at each speed

Males:

60 degrees per second: 100% body weight (females 90% BW)

180 degrees per second: 75% body weight (females 65% BW)

300 degrees per second: 50% body weight (females 40% BW)

This must be for quads??

40
Q

Isokinetic testing: Considerations when analyzing Unilateral ratio

A

Unilateral ratio is the ratio of Quads to Hamstring (Q/H) on the same limb

Depends on speed of testing:

at 60 degrees per second: Q/H ratio = 66%

at 180 degrees per second: Q/H ratio = 75%

at 300 degrees per second: Q/H ratio = 85-90%

This applies at all joints except Shoulder IR/ER which doesn’t change depending on speed

41
Q

Isokinetic testing: Considerations when analyzing Angle Specific Torques

A

Angle Specific Torueqes is how much force is being produced at a certain angle of motion

Of special concern is what third the upslope occurs in: It should be in the first 1/3 to be normal

If a pt’s slope is lower than that, they probably need power training

42
Q

Isokinetic testing: Considerations when analyzing Total work

A

Total work is the area under the curve

The involved leg might have lower curves for both H & Q compared to uninvolved leg

43
Q

Isokinetic testing: Considerations when analyzing FDR

A

Force Decay Rate

Down Slope shold be flat or convex

Concave means that the ability to generate force at end ROM is abnormal

Can use short-arc to rehab

will also show up as a decrese in total work

44
Q

Isokinetic testing: Considerations when analyzing TRTD

A

TRTD = Timed Rate of Torque Develompment

similar to angle -specific torques in that it shows a lack of power in early ROM

Can measure it as the time or ROM to reach peak torque

45
Q

Isokinetic testing: Considerations when analyzing RIT

A

RIT = Reciprocal Innervation Time

This is the time between when Quads finish activation and hamstrings start activation

should be zero as hams should activate immediately

A lag implicates arthrogenic inhibition, which is one of the biggest reasons for the lag as is pain.

46
Q

Isokinetic testing: Considerations when analyzing Endurance Testing

A

Endurance testing: total work over multiple times

Look for decrease over time and compare bilaterally

also could add up the area under all the curves tested for each muscle or each leg

47
Q

Isokinetic testing: Considerations when analyzing TAE

A

TAE = Torque Excelleration Energy

It is the total work in the first 0.2 seconds (the computer will generate it)

Norm is 80% of peak torque reached in 0.2 sec, below this is a functional deficit

Also, in physically active people, this peaks at age 30 and there is a 10% decline for every deacade following

In the picture: Ignore the TAE<0.2 = functional deficit because that makes no sense

48
Q

What are the advantages of OKC/Isolated Exercises? (5 things)

A
  1. we can check for proximal and distal msucles compensating for weak areas
  2. We can theck to see if there are deficits distant from the actual injury site
  3. It prevents compensations from othe rmuscle groups “masking” weakness
  4. Youw know you are specifically targeting a muscle group when you test it
  5. There is a correlation between OKC testing and functional activities
    • so when people say “but GEorgoe, that’s not functional!” it’s not meant to be functional , but it is correlated with function
49
Q

what is regional interdependency?

A

an injury in one part of the body, can alart us to weakness in another part of the body

for example: if we have an ankle injury, there is statistically significant weakiness in the hip

50
Q

benefits of OCK/Isolated Exercises is well documented where?

A

in the knee

51
Q
A

PHTH 7363 Davies Research (practce issues) (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions