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theresa maurer Flashcards

1
Q

largest diameter of fetal head

A

occipitomental 12.5

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2
Q

shoulder pain in pregnancy

A

rupture of tubal pregnancy

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3
Q

risk of babys born to women over 35?

A

trisomy 21

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4
Q

severe preeclampsia risks

A

abruptio placenta

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5
Q

risks of getting taxoplasmosis

A

uncooked meat, animal feces, soils

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6
Q

sex chromosome abnormality x

A

turner syndrome females missing x chromosome

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7
Q

most effective family planning method

A

symptothermal

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8
Q

fetal head at the level of ischial spines

A

station 0

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9
Q

cephalohematoma

A

blood vessels between cranial bone and periosteal layer ruptures and leads to bleeding in subperiosteal space

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10
Q

“Midwives believe that every woman has a right to a safe, satisfying birth in the setting of her own choice, with respect for human dignity, cultural sensitivity, and informed choice.”

A

philosophy of care

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11
Q

In which portion of the fallopian tubes does fertilization normally occur?

A

ampulla

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12
Q

A prenatal factor that may cause a hemorrhage

A

grand multipara

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13
Q

During an abdominal examination of a woman at term, the midwife feels the cephalic prominence on the same side as the fetal parts. This is indicative of which of the following?

A

vertex (occipital) presentation

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14
Q

The increased activity of the endometrial glands during the luteal phase of the female reproductive cycle is stimulated by

A

progesterone
The endometrial glands become increasingly active during the luteal phase of the reproductive cycle as a result of progesterone production. Increased progesterone levels activate the secretory changes necessary for pregnancy and increase the endometrium’s supply of glycogen, arterial blood, amino acids, and water, which are vital in maintaining pregnancy.

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15
Q

cause of nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy

A

Hormonal imbalances, especially high levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), usually cause the nausea and vomiting characteristic of early pregnancy

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16
Q

neonates first growth spurt

A

Most babies experience their first growth spurt 6-10 days after delivery; this spurt usually is evident by the neonate’s increased milk intake or wanting to nurse more frequently. Additional growth spurts typically occur at 3 months and again at 4 to 6 months and last about 48 hours.

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17
Q

Fetal heart rate variability is not affected by

A

maternal sleep
FHR variability is the normal irregularity of the cardiac rhythm caused by the continuous interaction of the fetus’s parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.

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18
Q

what does fetal sleep do to the FHT variability

A

During fetal sleep, nerve impulses to the heart are slowed, thereby slowing the FHR. A slower FHR increases the variability; conversely, a faster FHR decreases the variability.

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19
Q

trepanema palladom

A

spiral bacteria causes syphyllis

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20
Q

dysnpea

A

labored breathing

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21
Q

dysuria

A

painful urination

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22
Q

positive Ortolanis sign

A

hip dysplasia, clunking of the hips

refer to physcian

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23
Q

papanicolau test

A

pap smear that screens for uterine or cervical cancer

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24
Q

average heart rate of quiet awake newborn

A

120-140 bpm

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25
Q

During the first 10-12 weeks of pregnancy, the corpus luteum

A

secretes progesterone to maintain the pregnancy

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26
Q

Constipation during pregnancy is usually the result o

A

prolonged stomach emptying time and decreased intestinal motility

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27
Q

vitamin k routinely given

A

newborns lack the intestinal bacteria with which to synthesize vitamin k

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28
Q

ROA findings

A

round, firm object low in the pelvis, small parts on the mother’s left side, and a soft rounded shape in the fundus

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29
Q

contractions with a frequency of 3 minutes?

A

contractions that last for 30 seconds with a 2 1/2 minute rest in between

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30
Q

During pelvimetry, a primigravida is found to have a diagonal conjugate of 10 cm. Based on this information, the midwife would expect her labor to be

A

prolonged, with failure of the head to engage

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31
Q

cord protruding from a laboring woman’s vagina. The first action would be to

A

apply manual pressure to the presenting part and have the mother assume a knee-chest position

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32
Q

normal breathing pattern for a full-term baby is predominately

A

normal breathing pattern for a full-term baby is predominately

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33
Q

signs of hypoglycemia in a newborn

A

jitteriness, lethargy

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34
Q

The blue coloration of a newborn’s hands and feet is called

A

acrocyanosis

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35
Q

Infants of diabetic mothers are at risk for which of the following problems?

A

respiratory distress(delayed surfactant production) , hypoglycemia (drastic drop in glucose levels), macrosomia, preterm (moms high blood sugar)

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36
Q

Risk of stillbirth or neonatal loss with untreated syphilis

A

40 % loss, 100% transmission rate

40% congenital syphilis

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37
Q

stages of syphilis

treponema pallidum

A

primary- chancre, lesion, 10-90 days after infection, antibody response not present until 3-6weeks

secondary- rash 4-12 weeks after infection, rash on palms, hands and soles of feet, alopecia, condylmata lata (contagious)
Latent - Early- period of one year after initial infection
Late-after 1 year of initial infection
no evidence of disease
Tertiary- high morbidity- ulcers gumma on internal organs,
Neurosyphilis can occur at any stage, nerve palsies, meningitis.

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38
Q

screening for syphilis

diagnostic

A

VDRL- screening for antibodies to nontreponemal antigens

RPR- rapid plasma

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39
Q

Titers for current syphilis infection and previosly treated syphilis

A

4 fold increase in titer for current
low titer no increase
adequate treatment 4 fold decrease

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40
Q

five digit para system

A

1- term births after 36 weeks
2-premature births 28-36 weeks or less 2500 grams
3 pregnancies end /abortions before 28 weeks
4 living children
5 births of multiple gestation

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41
Q

embryonic period

A

fertilization to 10 weeks or (8 weeks by fertilization)

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42
Q

fetal period

A

10 weeks to birth

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43
Q

piskaceks sign

A

the uterus is irregular contour misplaced and to the right because of implantation in the upper posterior
8-10 weeks, out of pelvis

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44
Q

when does the heart beat in utero

A

4 weeks

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45
Q

when can you hear the heart beat in utero with a fetoscope

A

20 weeks

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46
Q

when can you hear a heartbeat in utero with a doppler

A

12-20 weeks

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47
Q

hagers sign

A

the softening of the uterine isthmus at 6 weeks

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48
Q

goodells sign

A

softening of the cervix 6 weeks

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49
Q

chadwicks sign

A

bluish coloration of vulva and vaginal portion of the cervix 6 weeks

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50
Q

Naegles Rule

A

add 7 days to the first day of LMP and subtract 3 months from that to get EDD

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51
Q

how many days is average pregnancy

A

280 by LMP, 266 by fertilzation

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52
Q

how many lunar months is pregnancy

A

10 lunar months

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53
Q

weeks of 1st trimester

A

1-12 weeks

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54
Q

weeks of 2nd trimester

A

13-27 weeks

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55
Q

weeks of 3rd trimester

A

28-40 weeks

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56
Q

antepartal

A

LMP to true labor starts

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57
Q

intrapartal

A

true labor start to birth

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58
Q

prenatal

A

LMP to birth

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59
Q

postnatal

A

after birth

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60
Q

metrrohagia

A

abnormal uterine bleeding

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61
Q

menorrhagia

A

excessive uterine bleeding

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62
Q

jarishh herxheimer reaction

A

when early syphilis is treated it is common reaction , malaise, fever, influenza type, headache, fetal distress

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63
Q

Hemolytic disease of the neonate may be produced by the union of

A

Rh- mother with Rh- father

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64
Q

condylmata lata

A

warts on genitals from secondary syphilis highly contagious

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65
Q

condylmata acuminata

A

genital warts caused by HPV 6 & 11

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66
Q

homans sign

A

dorsiflexion of the foot to check DVT
raises leg to 10 degrees, then passively and abruptly dorsiflexes the foot and squeezes the calf with the other hand.
Deep calf pain and tenderness may indicate presence of DVT.

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67
Q

dysuria

A

painful urination

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68
Q

hematocrit

A

amount of rbc’s in packed in given blood volume %
small dip at 28 weeks is normal because of blood volume expansion
an increase at 28 weeks from baseline is not normal and may indicate metabolic toxemia

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69
Q

hemoglobin

A

protein on rbc
carries oxygen
Iron deficiency anemia about 45% of anemias
lower hemoglobins at higher elevations, less change
do liver enzyme tests and albumin
2 gram drop by 28 weeks maybe a slight rise again at term

70
Q

peak blood volume expansion

A

28-30 weeks by 50-60%

71
Q

chorionic villi

A

14 days after fertilization , attach to decidua and anchor embryo chorion sac to decidua, frondolosum fetal contribution to placenta

72
Q

decidua

A

uterine lining in pregnancy, 3 layers,
basalis-under implantation
caspularis- goes over embryo
parietalis- rest of uterus

73
Q

quickening

A

16-20 weeks weeks fetal movements felt by mother

74
Q

progesterone

A

secreted by corpus luteum
maintains endometrial lining
placenta makes progesterone and takes over around 8-10 weeks
makes decidua cells in endometrium
decreases contractility in uterus
develops lobes in alveolar system of breasts
decreases gastric motility, muscle tone in bladder and ureters

75
Q

estriol

A

estrogen of pregnancy weak form of estrogen secreted by placenta

76
Q

estradiol

A

most potent estrogen 95% in circ-ovaries

77
Q

estrone

A

postmenopause conversion in fat cells

78
Q

prolactin

A

when estrogen and progesterone drop at birth the ant pituatary makes prolactin
sustain milk production and balance composition of milk

79
Q

A positive direct Coombs test done on the cord blood indicates the presence of:

A

antibodies coating the baby’s red blood cells

80
Q

folic acid

A

coenzyme in DNA synthesis, healthy cell division, neuro development,reduce neural tube defect
400 mcg recommended in pregnancy

81
Q

calcium

A

needs are higher in pregnancy because of PTH, parathyroid levels. lactation takes a lot of calcium from bones

82
Q

low birth weight correlated with

A 
perinatal mortality
small head 
mental issues
cerebral palsy
learning disab
visual and hearing defects
neurological  defects
poor growth
83
Q

perinatal period

A

22 weeks to 7 days after birth WHO

84
Q

uterine growth failure causes

A

uteroplacental insufficiency- asymetric growth, body and organs small, brain large
protein deficiency-malnutrition- symetric all organds, brain body are reduced and cells

85
Q

most cellular brain growth

A

28 weeks to 6 months peak

15 weeks to age 2

86
Q

prematurity birth weight

A

below 2500 grams- 5lbs 8 oz

87
Q

optimal birth weight

A

3500-4000 grams- 7’lbs 12 oz, to 8 lbs 14 oz

above 3000 best

88
Q

calories needed in pregnancy

calories for multiple gestation

A

2500 calories- 500 + then regular

addition 500 for each fetus

89
Q

calcium intake recommended in pregnancy

A

1200 mg

90
Q

iron recommended in pregnancy

A

30 mg daily
maintain fetal and maternal hemoglobin in preg
blood loss at birth

91
Q

Vitamin C recommended in pregnancy

A

80-250 mg per day

92
Q

protein recommended in pregnancy

A

80 grams of protein

93
Q

calories and protein relationship

A

the amount of calories must match the protein otherwise the body will burn protein as energy and it will be insufficient

94
Q

nutritional evaluations

A

initial visit
20 weeks
28 weeks - peak of brain growth
36 weeks

95
Q

persistant nausea past the first trimester

A

severe emotional problems
hyperemesis gravidarum
hydatidiform mole

96
Q

causes of nausea in 1st trimester

A

hormonal changes- Hcg + progesterone
slowed perstalsis
enlarged uterus
gastric overload

97
Q

nausea relief

A 
small frequent meals
dry crackers when waking
 sweet to eat before bed
restriction of fats
acupressure bands
B6
98
Q

ptyalism

A

excessive salvation
causes nausea
starch increased acidity increase salvation

99
Q

fatigue

A

metabolic changes ends after 1st trimester

exercise and good nutrition

100
Q

heartburn/reflux
causes
relief

A

reversed peristalsis of acidic-hydrochloric acid
relaxation of cardia in stomach
decrease gastro motility, smooth muscle relaxation
avoid fats, spicy, avoid heavy meals at bed, small freq meals, antiacid, milk, papaya enzymes

101
Q

constipation
cause
relief

A

decrease peristalsis by relaxation of smooth muscle form progesterone.
fluids, prune juice, rest ,warm liquids, natural fiber, laxatives, exercise

102
Q

hemorrhoids
cause
relief

A

relaxation of vein walls, pressure, constipation, congested pelvic veins
witch hazel, avoid straining, constipation, sitz bath, epsom salt compress,

103
Q

leg cramps

relief

A

calcium phosphorous
dorsiflexion
exercise

104
Q 
Candida 
predispose
s/s
cause
diagnosis 
treatment
A

pregnancy, broad spec antibiotics, diabetes, high sugars, HIV- recalcitrant and recurring non curable candida, increased estrogen in preg, inc Ph

white-yellow adherent plaques on cervix/vagina, cottage
itching, no odor
microscopic eval, budding spores

miconzole (monistat) suppository
clotrimazole(gyn-lotrimin) oral,
femstat, terconazole(terazole) vag cream

contraindicated Fluconazole (Diflucan)

105
Q

Bacteria Vaginosis Gardnerella vaginalis
s/s
cause
diagnosis

A

major change in flora, increases ph 5-6, from lactobacillus to aneorbic bacteria.
s/s increased ph, scanty thin, homologous milky gray white discharge, whiff test, fish odor.
diagnosis- micro exam of clue cells & symptoms, adherent bact, black dots, jagged cell

flagly, metronizadole

106
Q

treatment choice for bacteria vaginosis

A

flagyl, metronidazole

107
Q

most common cause of bartholinitis

A

microbial infection

108
Q

hormones elevated in ovulatory phase

A

estrogen, FSH, LH

109
Q

hormones elevated in luteal phase

A

progesterone

110
Q 
Chlamydia
predisposed
s/s
diagnosis
treatment
risks
A

most popular STD
increased risk with oral contraceptives

50% asymptomatic, mucopurulent discharge at cervix, edematous congested cervix

diagnosis- positive cervical culture, endocervix inside

treat with antibiotics- erythrimycin, azithromycin, treat partners!
doxycycline- contraindicated for preg and lactation
coexisting vag infections, salpignitis (inflammed fallopian), PID, cysticitis, urethracitis,
risks: transmission at birth, opthalmia, pneumonia,
infertility, ectopic, PROM, Preterm
coexists with: trich and gonorrhea

111
Q

cysticiitis

A

inflammation of bladder

112
Q

salpiginitis

A

inflammation of fallopian tubes

113
Q

contraindicated agents for STD in pregnancy

A

tetracycline, doxycycline, podofilox

114
Q

women with gonorrhea should also be treated for chlamydia, T or F

A

tue

115
Q 
Gonorrhea
s/s
diagnosis
treatment
risks
A

gram negative cell, diploccal bacteria
low ab pain, urethra tender, discharge bart and skene glands, PID, discharge, abnormal bleeding, yellowish purulent.
diagnose by culture endocervical,
treatment: Ceftriaxone, cephalosporin,treat partners, treat for chlymadia same time and screen syphilis
risks: transmission at delivery, blindness, PROM, preterm, endometritis, salpi

116
Q

PID
risk factors
s/s
diagnosis

A

combo of endometritis, salpi, ovarian abcess, organisms of gonorrhea and chlamydia, BV. ascension from IUD, douche
s/s bilateral abdomen pain, discharge, dysuria, frequent, metrorrhagia, fever vomit, tender cervix

diagnosis- combo of presenting s/s, postive ab guarding, positive cervical motion tender, pos bilateral adenexal tender, mucopurulent discharge

hospital IV with broad spectrum antibiotics if abscess,fever, nausea, HIV, pregnancy or no hospitalization, treat partners and womenfor
gonorrhea and chlamydia

117
Q

symptoms of anaphylactic shock
s/s
treatment

A

urticaria (hives), rhinitis (mucous in nose), dyspnea (trouble breathing), pallor, hypoxia, cyanosis, convulsion, pupil dilation, cardiac arrest

epinepherine, corticocosteroids, oxygen

118
Q

calendar rhythm method

A

regular cycles only
14 days prior to onset of next menses
2-3 sperm survivial
1 day ovum survivial= 9 fertile days

subtract 20 days from length of short cycle
subtract 10 days from long cycle

119
Q

HPV and cancer, true statement

A

HPV alone does not result in neoplastic changes, cofactors are necessary for developing cancer risk

120
Q

ovulaton mucus method

A

based on cervical changes via estrogen in cycle

  1. dry days = after menstruation
  2. start of wetness = start of fertile phase
  3. mucous increase, clear, slippery, stretchy, egg white= spinnbarkeit. max fertile days
  4. last day of musous of spinn sensation = peak day= ovulation occurs within hours or up to 1 day
  5. sensation disappears mucous becomes tacky= 3 days after peak day still fertile
  6. postovulatory peak days on 4th day after peak day
  7. dryness until menstruation
121
Q

basal body temp method

A

detects actual ovulation

progesterone released at ovulation increases temp by .5-1 degree
take temp same day everyday after 5-6 hours of sleep
rectal most accurate

122
Q

mittleschmertz

A

midcycle pain - pain off center lower ab follicle rupture

spotting or breakthrough bleed, increase sex interest, mood, cervial mucus ferning from estrogen,

123
Q

lacto ammenorrhea

A

98% protection if mother is full breastfeeding, 1st 6 mos, no bleeding after 56 days postpartum

124
Q

presumptive signs of preg

A 
Amenorrhea (no period)
Nausea — 
Breast enlargement and tenderness.
Fatigue.
Poor sleep.
Back pain.
Constipation.
Food cravings 
colorations- linea negra, nipples
125
Q

probable signs

A 
hagers sign- soft cervix 6 weeks
goodells- soft isthmus
chadwick- bluish
ballotment
braxton hicks
pregnancy test
126
Q

positive signs of pregnancy

A

ultrasound

fht

127
Q

functions of the placenta

A

provides fetus with oxygen and gas exchange
passage of nutrients
excretes waste
protect fetus with transfer of antibodies
hormones for pregnancy-hcg, hPl, estrogen, progesterone

128
Q

fetal circulation in umbilicus

A

2 arteries deoxygenated blood leaves fetus

1 vein- oxygen rich blood returns to fetus

129
Q

philosophy scope

A

each woman unique birth of choice, natural processes, family centered, participation,

130
Q

abortion performed weeks

A

in 1st trimester by D&C

2nd trimester salting out, hysterectomy, prostoglandins

131
Q

Initial labs

A

pelvic exam, physical, labs
pap, GC, blood type, indirect Coombs, sickle cell prep, VDRL, RPR (syphylis), hep B, rubella,Varicella, Hemog hemoticrit, urinalysis. CBC
HIV, AFP or triple screen (15-18 weeks)

132
Q

labs at 28 weeks

A

gestational diabetes, repeat, VDRL, indirect coombs if rh neg), if titres are neg at 28 weeks give Rhogam at 28 weeks.

133
Q

Downs syndrome (trisomy 21)
s/s
screening history

A

chromosomal disorder when there is an extra copy of a chromosome
s/s- poor muscle tone, slanted eyes, eyes to ear, bulging eyes
AFP or MSAFP(triple screen) between 15-18 weeks

AFP are too low in downs syndrome

134
Q

AFP testing

A

produced in yolk sac and later fetal liver
test for genetic abnormalities
increases until 20 weeks
high #’s indicated leaking from fetus from open neural tube defect.

test at 15-18 weeks for accuracy, dates may change results, multips

high risk age 35+, diabetes, history, prior abnormal results

135
Q

MSAFP (triple screen)

A

maternal serum AFP= AFP, estriol and Hcg
downs syndrome= dec AFp, dec estriol, increase Hcg
test at 15 weeks
gestation dating can have abnormal results can be retested at ultrasound dates 16-20 week ultrasound.

136
Q

serum levels of Hcg

A 
detected at 9 days
doubles every two days
peaks at 10 weeks
rapid increase- hydatiform mole, multips
slow rising- ectopic pregnancy
dropping Hcg- pregnancy loss, more than 12 weeks gestation
137
Q

fetal kick counts

A

3rd trimester- 34-36 weeks low risk
28 weeks high risk
10 in 10 hour period
same time each day

effected by smoking behavior, amniotic fluid amount, less fluid less movements, smoking slows fht for 80 minutes!

138
Q

NST

indications

A

non reactive fetal movement
interuteroplacental insufficiencies
diabetes, IUGR, hypertension, PIH, preeclampsia, multips, oligiohydraminos, post dates, Rh isioimmunization, PROM

139
Q

CVS

risks

A

chorionic villi sampling
.8% fetal loss risk
oligohydraminos, rupture of amnion, subchorionic hematoma, limb defects
done in 1st trimester
increased risk compared to 2nd trimester ACT

140
Q

ACT aminocentesis

A 
performed 15-16 weeks because of AFP levels
genetic screening
after 20 weeks- checks surfactant
99% successful detection 
risk:.5-1% fetal loss, SA, PROM, preterm
141
Q

cordocentesis

A

percutaneous umbilical
fetal blood sampling
fetus DNA, detect treat Rh sensitization, cord blood gases, IUGR, fetal infection (rubella, cytomegalovirus)
can detect and TREAT infection

142
Q

best indicator of fetal health in 3rd trimester

A

reactive NST

acceleration of fht in relation to fetal movement

143
Q

NST indications

A

reactive- two accelerations of fht in 20 min period off baseline atleast seconds amp of 15bpm
nonreactive- fails number of accels in 20 min period
inconclusive- uninterpretable, vigorous fetus, no baseline- follow with ultrasound BPP

144
Q

VAS

A

vibrocostic stimulation

145
Q

BPP
criterias
indications

A

NS test combined with fetal behavior and AFI, amniotic fluid volume.
full oxygenated fetus variety, muscle tone, movement respiratory activity.
manning criteria used/vintzeleos placenta guarding
IUGR, oligohydraminos, diabetes, preeclampsia, postdates, nonreactive NST
weekly testing recommended
twice weekly for high risk UPI (placenta insufficiency) + NST

146
Q

AFV

A

amniotic fluid volume

3rd trimester fetal urine- measures renal function

147
Q

oligiohydraminos

A

low quantity of amniotic fluid

uteroplacental insufficiency
fetal hypoxia
fetal distress, meconium, postmaturity syndrome

148
Q

poly hydraminos

A

high amniotic fluid volume

chromosomal disorders
diabetes
anomalies

149
Q

BPP scores

A 
10/10  low risk asphyxia
8/10 high risk- 24 hour re-eval
6/10 - equivocal- questionable 24 hour rtc
4/10- high risk- delivery
0-2/10 certain asphyxia-delivery
150
Q

lung maturity tests

A

amniocentesis after 20 weeks
lecithin/sphingomyelin ratios L/S
phatidylgcerol PG test

151
Q

criteria for screening for anomalies

A

age, personal family history, and screening tests

152
Q

characteristics that effect the AFP

A

weight, age and race

153
Q

Elevated AFP

A

spinabifida

154
Q

abnormal AFP next step

A

confirm gestational dates, retest

155
Q

Downs syndrome triple screen result

A

low AFP, low estriol, high Hcg

156
Q

To reduce limb defects in CVS

A

perform after 10 weeks

157
Q

Genetic amniocentesis performed when

A

15-20 weeks

158
Q

Amniocentesis performed after 20 weeks checks what?

A

surfactant levels LS, PG, shake and tap

159
Q

optical density assessments based on bilirubin in amniotic fluid is for what complication?
how is it obtained?

A

Rh isoimmunization

amniocentesis after 20 weeks

160
Q

isoimmunization

A

production by an individual of antibodies against constituents of the tissues of another individual of the same species

161
Q

low risk fetal kick counts start for low risk women

A

34-36 weeks

162
Q

conditions that reduce maternal perception of fetal movement

A

polyhydraminos
olgiohydraminos
anterior placenta

Not obesity!

163
Q

next step for nonreactive NST

A

immediate BPP and AFV

164
Q

ATT auscilating acceleration test is alternative to ?
who for?

how?
interpretation?

A

NST-
low risk women beyond 34 weeks

listen fht for 6 minutes counting in 5 sec interval
find baseline, single accel is reactive, accel present when fht is up by 2 points

165
Q

modified BPP

A

combines NST with AFI, cost effective, deviationss complete BPP ordered

166
Q

doppler velocimetry
measures?
findings?

indicated?

A

measures ratio of systole and diastole bloodflow through the umbilical arteries to the placenta ratio

  1. fetal heart in systole, blood is rapid to placenta, even when in diastole.
  2. if fetal heart is in systole maybe modest flow but when heart is in diastole flow stops because of narrowed vessels (AEDV)absent end diastolic velocity- seen in IUGR
  3. reverse flow at diastolic end (REDV)

IUGR present or suspected

167
Q

most accurate predictor of uteroplacental insufficiency

A

CST contraction stress test

168
Q

contraindications for contraction stress test

A

placenta previa, dangerous labor, classical csection incision, myomectomy, risk of preterm labor

169
Q

when is CST performed
how?
false pos rate?

A

26 weeks to term
breast stim or oxytocin challenge, induced ctx
30%

170
Q

serial non stress tests

A

minimum once a week low risk

twice weekly for high risk

171
Q

AFI at term

how measured?

A

5.0-23 AFI

add deepest pocket of each quadrant

172
Q

limited obstetric ultrasound, 2nd -3rd trimester

A 
cardiac activity
fetal number
fetal lie 
placental site
BPP
AFI

NARM (1 decks)

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