Therapy Flashcards
What is psychotherapy?
psychological techniques that originate from psychological perspectives in order to help assist someone in overcoming difficulties/achieving personal growth
What are the main types of psychotherapy?
self-insight = psychoanalytic and humanistic approaches
changing maladaptive behaviors = cognitive and cognitive behavior
What is psychoanalysis and its goals?
a form of psychodynamic therapy that aims for self-insight by unraveling one’s unconscious tension and childhood experiences
- founded by sigmund freud
goals:
- reduce inner conflict by giving insight into unconscious thoughts and feelings
- reveal impact of childhood experiences on individual s
-personal improvement by understanding one’s problems
What is the main methods of psychoanalysis?
directive role with little input from the patient
1. dream analysis
2. interpretations of
- resistance = block anxiety material from consciousness
- transference = redirect emotions from original source to therapist
3. talk therapy = hypnosis and free association
What is contemporary psychodynamic therapy?
goals:
- focus on current symptoms
- understand how past relationships produce themes that affect current/ new relationships
- no belief in id, ego, or superego
techniques rely on a relationship between the client and therapist
- short terms and less expensive = 1-2 meetings a weel for a few weeks/ mo
What is humanistic therapy and its goals?
aims to enable growth by unconditional positive regard, acceptance, genuineness, and empathy
- root problem = distorted perceptions or lack of awareness about one’s feelings that cause a block in growth
founded by carl rogers
goals:
- reduce inner conflicts and personal growth
What are the main methods of humanistic therapy?
person-centered therapy = focuses on the client’s feelings by taking responsibility for them in the present and future
What are the conditions for humanistic therapy success?
empathy = seeing the world from their eyes
unconditional positive regard = self acceptance
genuineness = no faking
Whatis behavioral therapy and its goals?
eliminate unwanted behavior without emphasis on self-insight; behaviors are the root cause
treatment = applying learning principles to change maladaptive behaviors
What is exposure therapy?
form of systematic desensitization in which people are exposed to things they fear and avoid and are taught to associate it with a pleasant state
What is aversive conditioning?
an aversive stimulus is paired with unwanted behavior
example: sally is trying to cut back on sugar. when she reaches for a bag of cookies and tries it, it isn’t very pleasant causing an aversion to want to consume it
What is VR exposure therapy?
electronic stimulations where people can safely face their fears
What is operant conditioning?
behavior modification where desired behavior is reinforced and undesired is punished
token economy = people earn token for exhibiting desired behavior and can exchange them for previleges/ treats
What is cognitive therapy?
aims to teach people new healthier adaptive ways of thinking
root cause = negative thoughts intervene with events and emotional reactions
What are the methods of cognitive therapy?
reveal faulty assumptions -> de-catastrophize work through worst possible scenarios -> resist extremes and take appropriate responsibility
- alter the way you think = recognize and modify negative self-talk/ behaviors
What is cognitive-behavioral therapy and its goals?
aims to teach people new constructive ways of thinking and acting by combining cognitive and behavioral therapy techniques
What is an example of cognitive-behavioral therapy?
depression
- cognitive = aware of irrational negative thinking and replace with new thinking
- behavioral = practice positive approaches
Does therapy work? Are some therapies better than others?
inconclusive as to whether therapy works or not BUT people in therapy do perform better than those who are not
non-specific factors in effectiveness = support and hope
each form of therapy are better for certain disorders
- psychodynamic = depression and anxiety
- humanistic = mild/ moderate depression
- behavioral = phobias, OCD, sexual dysfunction, etc.
- cog/cog-behavioral = anxiety, PTSD, insomnia, and depression
What are biomedical therapies?
treatment by a trained therapist that offers medications or other biological treatments
How does biomedical therapies work?
changes the brain’s functioning by altering its chemistry with medications/ affecting its circuitry with electrical or magnetic impulses/ surgery
What are psychoactive medications?
drug therapy that is widely used
ex. 27 million Americans used antidepressants
What are the four categories of psychoactive medications?
anti-psychotic, anti-anxiety, anti-depression, and mood-stabilizers
How does the effectiveness of a drug get determined?
all groups have the same severity of disorder
- group 1 = gets the drug -> how many get better and is it due to the drug or placebo effect
- group 2 = gets placebo -> how many get better = placebo effect
- group 3 = nothing -> how many get better = spontaneous recovery
What are antipsychotic drugs used for and its side effects?
uses
- reduced responsiveness to irrelevant stimuli
- treats schizophrenia
- block dopamine receptor sites
side effects
- increase risk of diabetes and obesity
- tremors and twitches -> long therm tardive dyskinesia
