Therapeutics 4 (+ sheet) Flashcards
What does VEGF stimulate?
Production of NO and PGI2 Proliferation Survival Migration Permeability
What are the selected VEGF functions?
Angiogenesis EC integrity Vascular tone EC-platelet homeostasis Protection of glomerular podocyte filtration barrier
What is the role of VEGF in angiogenesis?
The tip cell migrates towards the angiogenic stimuli (VEGF), the stalk cell then follows, bringing the two opposing vessels together, creating vasculature in an avascular region
What are the CV effects of VEGF inhibition?
Hypertension: due to NO and PGI2 blockage causing vasoconstriction
Haemorrhages: increased risk of bleeding
Arterial thromboembolic events: due to blockage of EC-platelet homeostasis and EC survival
Wound complications: disruption of ECs, platelets and coagulation cascade interaction
Ventricular dysfunction: stops cardiomyocyte survival in response to stress/injury
Renal adverse events: deletion of podocytes
What type of drug is trastuzumab?
Monoclonal antibody
What is HER2?
Tyrosine kinase receptor that is overexpressed in cancers, it promotes cell growth and tumour development
Action of trastuzumab
Binds to the extracellular domain of HER2
Is combined with chemotherapy
What are the side effects of trastuzumab?
Pain, GI disturbances, pulmonary symptoms and cardiotoxicity
What are the risk factors for trastuzumab adverse effects?
Previous exposure to anthracyclines Diabetes Coronary artery syndrome Hypertension Heart failure
What is Sunitinib?
Tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor- multi-targeted
Blocks c-KIT, PDGFR and VEGF
What is sunitinib used to treat?
Renal cell cacinoma
GI stromal tumours
How long is tamoxifen given for after surgery?
5 years
What are the side effects of tamoxifen?
Hot flushes
Sweaty
Weight gain due to water retention
Long term= endometrial cancer increased chance
What strains of HPV cause cervical cancer?
16 and 18
What age is the HPV vaccine offered?
12-12 year old girls
