therapeutic options

Question 1

Describe modalities of therapy currently available.

Answer 1

LOCAL TUMOURS
1- radiotherapy
- about 40 % of cancers cured this way
-used on inoperable tumours- can make surgery possible
-5 R’s- repair, radio sensitivity, re-population, re-oxygenation, re-assortment
2- Surgery
SYSTEMIC TUMOURS
1- chemotherapy
cytotoxic drugs classified according to action - curative, palliative, adjuvant, neoadjuvant.
therapies can be :
-immune-specific or not specific
e.g. Monoclonal antibodies use human antibody with mouse CDR, chimeric antigen receptors which are retroviral vectors with artificial T-cell receptors, programmed cell death pathways, checkpoint blockades
-designer- specific
2- palliative

Question 2

Preventative measures available

Answer 2

-Diet/lifestyle:
5 a day
30 mins of exercise 
high saturated fat content= breast cancer 
high red blood intake=CRC
-screening 
-genetics: 
FAP- has an autosomal dominant gene
screen for APC mutations
regular colonoscopy
surgery when adenomas found 
Breast cancer associated with mutation to BR1 and BR2
-chemoprevention