Therapeutic Antibodies for Cancer Part 1

Question 1

Define Tumor Targeting Antibodies

Answer 1

Monoclonal antibody designed to target oncoproteins expressed by tumor cells and to cause an immune response that destroys cancer cells

Question 2

Define Immunomodulatory Antibody:

Answer 2

Monoclonal antibodies specifically interacts with immuno-regulatory molecules, which elicits or restores an existing anti-cancer immune response.

Question 3

Define Adoptive T cell Transfer:

Answer 3

A treatment using host T cells to boost the natural ability of immune activity to fight cancer.

Question 4

Define Immunostimulatory Cytokines:

Answer 4

Multiple functional proteins that play important roles in body’s immune responses and have the immune-regulatory activity to control cancer cell growth. The two main types of cytokines used to treat cancer are interferon-α/β and interleukin-2.

Question 5

Define Cancer-Therapeutic Vaccines:

Answer 5

Antigen-presenting cells (APC) to stimulate immune response against cancer.

Question 6

Define Innate Immunity Agonists:

Answer 6

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG): An innate immunity-stimulus

Question 7

Define Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs):

Answer 7

Produced from a single B lymphocytes, either from mouse, human or other species.

Question 8

Define Murine mAbs

Answer 8

Derived entirely from mouse, usually mouse hybridoma cells by the fusion of mouse myeloma cells with spleen B-cells.

Question 9

Define Chimeric mAbs:

Answer 9

Variable regions derived from a murine source and the constant regions derived from a human source.

Question 10

Define Humanized mAbs:

Answer 10

Antigen-binding sequences (CDRs) derived from a mouse and all others from a human source. (less mouse, more human)

Question 11

Define Human mAbs:

Answer 11

Derived entirely from a human source

Question 12

Define Naked Therapeutic Antibody

Answer 12

Simple antibody

Question 13

Define Conjugated Therapeutic Antibody

Answer 13

Antibody carrying chemotherapy or isotopes (ADC or AIC)

Question 14

Define Immuno-Regulatory Therapeutic Antibody

Answer 14

Remove the inhibitory signals and restore T cell response

Question 15

Define Bispecific Antibody

Answer 15

One side interacts with T cell immune response and the other carries chemotherapy or isotopes

Question 16

Immuno-Regulatory Therapeutic Antibody Drugs

Answer 16

Ipilimumab (CTLA-4 inhibitor)

Nivolumab and pembrolizumab (PD-1 inhibitor)

Question 17

Naked Antibody Drugs

Answer 17

Trastuzumab (HER2)

Cetuximab (EGFR)

Question 18

ADC Drugs

Answer 18

Ado-Trastuzumab emansine (HER2)

Question 19

When EGFR is activated…

Answer 19

it will increase the oncogenic cell signals to make the cell proliferate a lot faster or metastasis much more aggressive (so if you block this you can treat cancer

Question 20

Transtuzumab Brand Name, Antibody Type and Target

Answer 20

Herceptin
Humanized mouse mAb
HER2

Question 21

Transtuzumab Indication

Answer 21

Adjuvant breast cancer

Metastatic Breast Cancer

Question 22

Transtuzumab AE

Answer 22

Cardiomyopathy

Pulmonary toxicity

Question 23

Cetuximab Brand Name, Antibody Type and Target

Answer 23

Erbitux
Chimeric mAb
EGFR

Question 24

Cetuximab Indication

Answer 24

Head and Neck Cancer

Colorectal Cancer WITHOUT KRAS mutation

Question 25

KRAS mutation leads to

Answer 25

Upon activation through mutation, it causes increased proliferation and no longer needs EGFR to activate it

Question 26

Cetuximab AE

Answer 26

Cardiopulmonary Pulmonary toxicity Dermatologic toxicity

Question 27

Ado-Trastuzumab Ematansine (T-DM1) Brand Name, Antibody Type and Target

Answer 27

Kadcyla Humanized mAb conjugated with a highly potent chemical maytansinoid (DM1) HER2

Question 28

T-DM1 Indication

Answer 28

HER2 Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer

Question 29

T-DM1 AE

Answer 29

Hepatoxicity Cardiotoxicity Embryo-fetal toxicity

Question 30

Bevacizumab Brand Name, Antibody Type and Target

Answer 30

Avastin Humanized mAb Specific for VEGF not the receptor

Question 31

Bevacizumab Indication

Answer 31

* Metastatic colorectal cancer * Non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer * Glioblastoma * Metastatic renal cell carcinoma

Question 32

Bevacizumab AE

Answer 32

GI performation Wound healing complication Hemorrhage

Question 33

What is the purpose of VEGF

Answer 33

Regulate/stimulate new blood vessel production