Therapeutic Antibodies for Cancer Part 1 Flashcards
Define Tumor Targeting Antibodies
Monoclonal antibody designed to target oncoproteins expressed by tumor cells and to cause an immune response that destroys cancer cells
Define Immunomodulatory Antibody:
Monoclonal antibodies specifically interacts with immuno-regulatory molecules, which elicits or restores an existing anti-cancer immune response.
Define Adoptive T cell Transfer:
A treatment using host T cells to boost the natural ability of immune activity to fight cancer.
Define Immunostimulatory Cytokines:
Multiple functional proteins that play important roles in body’s immune responses and have the immune-regulatory activity to control cancer cell growth. The two main types of cytokines used to treat cancer are interferon-α/β and interleukin-2.
Define Cancer-Therapeutic Vaccines:
Antigen-presenting cells (APC) to stimulate immune response against cancer.
Define Innate Immunity Agonists:
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG): An innate immunity-stimulus
Define Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs):
Produced from a single B lymphocytes, either from mouse, human or other species.
Define Murine mAbs
Derived entirely from mouse, usually mouse hybridoma cells by the fusion of mouse myeloma cells with spleen B-cells.
Define Chimeric mAbs:
Variable regions derived from a murine source and the constant regions derived from a human source.
Define Humanized mAbs:
Antigen-binding sequences (CDRs) derived from a mouse and all others from a human source. (less mouse, more human)
Define Human mAbs:
Derived entirely from a human source
Define Naked Therapeutic Antibody
Simple antibody
Define Conjugated Therapeutic Antibody
Antibody carrying chemotherapy or isotopes (ADC or AIC)
Define Immuno-Regulatory Therapeutic Antibody
Remove the inhibitory signals and restore T cell response
Define Bispecific Antibody
One side interacts with T cell immune response and the other carries chemotherapy or isotopes
Immuno-Regulatory Therapeutic Antibody Drugs
Ipilimumab (CTLA-4 inhibitor)
Nivolumab and pembrolizumab (PD-1 inhibitor)
Naked Antibody Drugs
Trastuzumab (HER2)
Cetuximab (EGFR)
ADC Drugs
Ado-Trastuzumab emansine (HER2)
When EGFR is activated…
it will increase the oncogenic cell signals to make the cell proliferate a lot faster or metastasis much more aggressive (so if you block this you can treat cancer
Transtuzumab Brand Name, Antibody Type and Target
Herceptin
Humanized mouse mAb
HER2
Transtuzumab Indication
Adjuvant breast cancer
Metastatic Breast Cancer
Transtuzumab AE
Cardiomyopathy
Pulmonary toxicity
Cetuximab Brand Name, Antibody Type and Target
Erbitux
Chimeric mAb
EGFR
Cetuximab Indication
Head and Neck Cancer
Colorectal Cancer WITHOUT KRAS mutation
KRAS mutation leads to
Upon activation through mutation, it causes increased proliferation and no longer needs EGFR to activate it
Cetuximab AE
Cardiopulmonary
Pulmonary toxicity
Dermatologic toxicity
Ado-Trastuzumab Ematansine (T-DM1) Brand Name, Antibody Type and Target
Kadcyla
Humanized mAb conjugated with a highly potent chemical maytansinoid (DM1)
HER2
T-DM1 Indication
HER2 Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer
T-DM1 AE
Hepatoxicity
Cardiotoxicity
Embryo-fetal toxicity
Bevacizumab Brand Name, Antibody Type and Target
Avastin
Humanized mAb
Specific for VEGF not the receptor
Bevacizumab Indication
- Metastatic colorectal cancer
- Non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer
- Glioblastoma
- Metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Bevacizumab AE
GI performation
Wound healing complication
Hemorrhage
What is the purpose of VEGF
Regulate/stimulate new blood vessel production
